Homer - The Iliad

Index A

Abantes

A people originating in Thrace, they spread to the Peloponnese, holding Euboea at the time of the Trojan War.

BkII484 Their contingents at the war.

BkIV422 Elephenor their leader.

Abarbarea

A Naiad, she bore two sons, Aesepus and Pedasus, to Bucolion, the eldest but illegitimate son of the Trojan King Laomedon.

BkVI1 Mentioned.

Abas

A Trojan, the son of Eurydamas.

BkV84 Killed by Diomedes.

Abii

Probably a Scythian tribe. The description may refer to the practice of holding goods in common.

BkXIII1 Mentioned.

Ablerus

BkVI1 A Trojan killed by Antilochus.

Abydos

An ancient city of Mysia, in Asia Minor, situated at Nagara Point on the Hellespont.

BkII811 Mentioned.

BkIV473 Democoon joins the war from Abydos where he has a stud-farm.

BkXVII543 Home of Phaenops.

Acamas

Son of Antenor and Theano, he was one of the bravest of the Trojans.

BkII811 A commander of the Thracian contingent.

BkXI1 Mentioned as a leader of the Trojans.

BkXII80 He is a leader of the fourth company.

BkXIV458 He kills Promachus.

BkXVI257 He is killed by Meriones.

Acamas

Son of Eussorus, he was a Thracian leader fighting for the Trojans.

BkV431 Ares disguises himself as Acamas.

BkVI1 He is killed by Telamonian Ajax.

Acessamenus

BkXXI136 The father of Periboea.

Achaea

A name for the Greek mainland derived from a region in the northern Peloponnese, hence, the Achaeans, for the name of the people who fought against Troy.

BkIX222 A term covering the Greek mainland.

Achaeans

The inhabitants of Achaea, and the Greeks generally. (Historically of unknown origin they appeared in the Peloponnese in the 12th and 13th centuries BC, and became the ruling class circa 1250.)

BkI1 BkI101 BkI148 BkI223 etc. The Greeks who sailed for Troy.

BkXIX74 Ruled from Argos.

Achelous

The Achelous was the greatest and according to tradition the most ancient among the rivers of Greece. The river-god is described as a son of Oceanus and Tethys. The second longest river entirely within Greece, after the Aliákmon, the modern flow rises in the central Pindus Mountains and runs southwards for 140 miles to the Ionian Sea to the west.

BkXXI136 Mentioned.

Achelous

A river, it presumably flowed through Phrygia, but perhaps the Greek Achelous is intended.

BkXXIV552 Myth has it that the Achelous was formed from Niobe’s tears.

Achilles

The Greek hero of the Trojan War, he was the son of Peleus, king of Thessaly, and the sea-goddess Thetis, and the grandson of Aeacus.

BkI1 BkII333 BkII760 BkIV473 BkVII161 BkXII1 BkXIII81 BkXXIV349 His quarrel with Agamemnon is the initial theme of the Iliad.

BkI53 BkXIII239 He encourages Calchas to speak. Called swift-footed.

BkI101 BkI148 BkI223 BkI285 BkI488 He quarrels with Agamemnon.

BkI188 He speaks with Athene.

BkI318 Briseis is taken, and he prays to his mother Thetis.

BkI357 He speaks with Thetis.

BkI531 BkII1 BkVIII335 BkXIII330 Zeus agrees to support Achilles, which Hera opposes.

BkII211 His hatred of Thersites, the dissenter.

BkII645 The most handsome of the Greeks at Troy.

BkII681 BkXVI569 He commanded the Myrmidons at Troy.

BkII811 He slew Ennomus the augur, and Amphimachus, in the river-bed.

BkVI369 He had killed Eetion at the taking of Mysian Thebes.

BkVII54 He recognises Hector as a threat.

BkVIII212 BkXI1 His ship is beached at one end of the Greek line.

BkVIII438 Zeus prophesies his return to the fight once Patroclus is slain.

BkIX79 Agamemnon promises him gifts in reconciliation.

BkIX162 BkIX222 He receives an embassy from Agamemnon.

BkIX307 BkIX606 He gives his answer to Agamemnon’s offer.

BkIX430 Phoenix advises him to quench his anger.

BkIX656 BkXIV135 BkXIV352 He remains a non-combatant.

BkX349 Dolon covets his horses and chariot.

BkXI84 He had once captured Isus and Antiphus, sons of Priam, while they tended their flock on Mount Ida.

BkXI596 BkXI804 He sends Patroclus to Nestor.

BkXI655 BkXI762 Nestor criticises his inaction.

BkXV1 Zeus predicts that he will kill Hector.

BkXV379 Patroclus intends to persuade him to rejoin the battle.

BkXVI1 BkXVI684 He allows Patroclus to borrow his armour but warns him to return and not pursue the Trojans.

BkXVI101 He urges Patroclus to arm, as the ships catch fire.

BkXVI155 BkXVI257 He mobilises the Myrmidons.

BkXVI210 He prays to Zeus for Patroclus to win glory and return safely, Zeus fulfilling only the first part of the prayer.

BkXVI777 Hector wears Achilles’ helmet taken from the fallen Patroclus.

BkXVII1 Only he can master and drive his team of immortal horses, a gift of the gods to Peleus his father.

BkXVII82 BkXVII543 Menelaus wishes to secure Patroclus’ corpse for Achilles.

BkXVII140 BkXVII384 Achilles’ squire Patroclus is the equal of Sarpedon in status.

BkXVII198 Hector wears Achilles’ armour.

BkXVII262 Zeus favours the Greeks defending Patroclus’ corpse.

BkXVII481 Automedon and Alcimedon fight from his chariot.

BkXVII656 He is unlikely to fight without fresh armour.

BkXVIII1 He hears of Patroclus’ death and grieves for him.

BkXVIII78 He determines to fight even though his life will be short.

BkXVIII148 Hera and Athene send him out to terrify the Trojans.

BkXVIII243 His appearance forced the Trojans to retreat.

BkXVIII310 He leads the mourning for Patroclus.

BkXVIII468 Hephaestus makes new armour for him.

BkXIX1 He ends his quarrel with Agamemnon.

BkXIX145 He argues for an immediate attack on the Trojans.

BkXIX238 Briseis is returned to him accompanied by gifts.

BkXIX282 He had taken Lyrnessus and Briseis was a prize.

BkXIX338 He enters the battle.

BkXX1 Zeus wishes to restrain his triumph, holding him back from taking Troy.

BkXX75 He is eager to fight Hector.

BkXX153 He encounters Aeneas on the field of battle.

BkXX259 Poseidon veils his eyes, and rescues Aeneas from him.

BkXX353 He kills Iphition, Demoleon, Hippodamas and Polydorus.

BkXX419 Athene protects him, but Apollo saves Hector from him.

BkXX455 He kills Dryops, Demuchus, Laogonus, Dardanus, Tros, Mulius, Echeclus, Deucalion, Rhigmus and Areïthous.

BkXXI1 He cuts the Trojan force in two, and drives many into the Xanthus to be slaughtered.

BkXXI34 He kills Lycaon.

BkXXI136 He kills Asteropaeus.

BkXXI200 BkXXI298 He is opposed by the River Xanthus.

BkXXI383 Saved from the Xanthus by Hephaestus, he pursues the Trojans.

BkXXI526 He pursues Apollo who is disguised as Agenor.

BkXXII1 He runs to attack Troy itself.

BkXXII90 Hector awaits his advance.

BkXXII131 He chases Hector round the walls of Troy.

BkXXII188 Athene assures him he will defeat Hector.

BkXXII247 He kills Hector who prophesies his fate.

BkXXII367 BkXXII405 He drags Hector’s corpse behind his chariot.

BkXXIII1 He again mourns Patroclus.

BkXXIII54 He sees a vision of Patroclus in dream.

BkXXIII108 He attends to Patroclus’ funeral pyre.

BkXXIII192 He gives instructions regarding Patroclus’ ashes, his funeral barrow, and the funeral games.

BkXXIII262 He arranges the chariot race.

BkXXIII448 He stops Idomeneus and Ajax the Lesser quarrelling.

BkXXIII499 He compensates Eumelus for his misfortune.

BkXXIII566 BkXXIII651 BkXXIII700 BkXXIII740 BkXXIII799 BkXXIII826 BkXXIII850 He distributes the prizes at the games.

BkXXIII884 He honours Agamemnon with a gift.

BkXXIV1 He continues to abuse Hector’s corpse.

BkXXIV77 BkXXIV141 His mother persuades him to release Hector’s corpse.

BkXXIV200 Hecabe expresses her hatred towards him.

BkXXIV281 Priam sets off for his hut, bringing a ransom for Hector’s corpse.

BkXXIV468 BkXXIV677 He receives the aged Priam.

BkXXIV552 He prepares Hector’s corpse for return to Troy.

BkXXIV621 BkXXIV776 He agrees a truce for Hector’s funeral.

BkXXIV718 He had sold a number of Priam’s sons in the slave-markets of the Aegean.

Acrisius

A son of Abas, king of Argos and of Ocaleia, an oracle had declared that Danaë, his daughter, would give birth to a son, who would kill his grandfather. For this reason he kept Danaë shut up in a brazen tower. But she became mother of Perseus by Zeus, who visited her in the form of a shower of gold.

BkXIV292 The father of Danaë.

Actaeë

BkXVIII1 A Nereid.

Actor

Father of Astyoche

BkII484 Mentioned.

Actor

BkXVI1 Father of Menoetius

Actor

An Epeian, a son of Phorbas and Hyrmine, and husband of Molione. He was thus a brother of Augeias, and father of Eurytus and Cteatus, the Moliones.

BkII581 BkXI655 Mentioned.

BkXIII136 Putative grandfather of Amphimachus.

Actor

A Myrmidon.

BkXVI155 The father of Echecles.

Adamas

A Trojan, the son of Asius.

BkXII80 He helps lead the attack on the Greek wall.

BkXIII526 He attacks Antilochus and is killed by Meriones.

BkXIII723 Hector seeks but fails to find him in the front ranks.

Admetus

A son of Pheres, he was the founder and king of Pherae in Thessaly, and of Periclymene or Clymene. He took part in the Calydonian chase and the expedition of the Argonauts, married Alcestis, and was the subject of a major myth sequence.

BkII681 BkXXIII262 Father of Eumelus.

BkII760 Possessor of the best horses in the Greek army.

Adrasteia

A city and region of ancient Mysia, east of modern Erdek in Turkey. Strabo has it situated between Priapus and Parium.

BkII811 Mentioned.

Adrastus

He was a legendary king of Argos during the war of the Seven against Thebes, and subsequently King of Sicyon. He was a son of Talaus and Lysimache. The father of Aegialeia.

BkII484 BkV352 Mentioned.

BkXIV82 Tydeus married Deipyle, daughter of Adrastus.

BkXXIII262 His famous horse Arion.

Adrastus

A Trojan.

BkVI1 Captured by Menelaus he is slain by Agamemnon.

Adrastus

A Trojan.

BkXVI684 He is killed by Patroclus.

Adrastus

Son of Merops. A Trojan leader.

BkII811 Mentioned.

Aeacus

The son of Zeus and Aegina, grandson of Asopus, the river-god of the north-eastern Peloponnese, he named his island, in the Saronic Gulf, Aegina after his mother. The father of Peleus and grandfather of Achilles he was also the father of Telamon, and grandfather of Ajax.

BkIX162 BkXVI1 BkXVI777 BkXVIII368 BkXXI136 The grandfather of Achilles.

Aegae

The city in Euboea lay on the Euboean Gulf, and was sacred to Poseidon.

BkVIII157 BkXIII1 A site of worship of Poseidon.

Aegaeon

See Briareus

Aegeus

King of Athens, son of Pandion, and father of Theseus.

BkI223 His son Theseus.

Aegialeia

A daughter of Adrastus and Amphithea, she was the wife of Diomedes.

BkV352 Mentioned.

Aegialus

A coastal district in northern Asia Minor (Paphlagonia) it was situated west of the river Halys and east of Carambis. At the time of the Trojan War it belonged to the Paphagonians.

BkII811 Mentioned.

Aegialus

An ancient city near Corinth, it was situated near the site of Sicyon.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Aegilips

A city on Levkada in the Ionian Islands.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Aegina

An island off the southern Argolid, the modern isle of Egina.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Aegium

An ancient city on the site of modern Eghio in Achaea.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Aeneas

The son of Anchises and Aphrodite, born on mount Ida. On his father's side he was a great-grandson of Tros, and thus nearly related to the royal house of Troy, as Priam himself was a grandson of Tros. He was educated at Dardanus, in the house of Alcathous, his sister’s husband.

BkII811 Leader of the Dardanian contingent at Troy.

BkV166 BkV239 He sets out to fight Diomedes.

BkV297 He is wounded by Diomedes, rescued by Aphrodite and Apollo.

BkV431 He is protected by Apollo.

BkV519 He kills Crethon and Orsilochus then is forced to retreat.

BkVI72 He rallies the Trojan troops.

BkVIII53 BkXXIII262 Diomedes had taken his horses.

BkXI1 He is mentioned as a leader of the Trojans.

BkXII80 He is a leader of the fourth company.

BkXIII402 Deiophobus seeks his help, as brother-in-law of Alcathous.

BkXIII468 He attacks Idomeneus.

BkXIII526 He kills Aphareus.

BkXIV402 He goes to aid the wounded Hector.

BkXV328 He kills Medon and Iasus.

BkXVI508 Glaucus seeks him on the battlefield.

BkXVI569 He attacks Meriones.

BkXVII319 He is roused by Apollo disguised as Periphas, the herald.

BkXVII481 He joins the attack on Automedon.

BkXVII722 He leads an attack on the Greeks.

BkXX75 Apollo rouses him to fight Achilles, who had previously bested him.

BkXX153 He encounters Achilles and tells him his lineage.

BkXX259 Poseidon rescues him from Achilles on the battlefield and prophesies that no Greek other than Achilles can kill him.

Aenius, a Paeonian

BkXXI200 He is killed by Achilles.

Aenus

Modern Enez in Turkey, on the south-eastern coast of ancient Thrace, located near the mouth of the Hebrus River, not far from the Melas Gulf (modern Gulf of Saros), formed by the Thracian Chersonesus to the east. The city was said to be founded (or at least settled) by Aeolian migrants from Lesbos.

BkIV473 Peiros derives from there.

Aeolus

King of Thessaly, and father of Sisyphus (so reputedly the grandfather of Odysseus, and Cretheus).

BkVI119 The father of Sisyphus.

Aepeia

A city, Epia, in Messinia, near the coast east of the Pylian country.

BkIX79 BkIX222 Promised to Achilles by Agamemnon.

Aepy

A city in Messinia.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Aepytus

One of the mythical kings of Arcadia. He was the son of Elatus and originally ruled over Phaesana on the Alpheius in Arcadia. He is said to have been killed during a hunt on mount Sepia by the bite of a venomous snake. His tomb there was still shown in the time of Pausanias.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Aesa, Fate

Aesepus

A Trojan.

BkVI1 Killed by Euryalus.

Aesepus

The Aisepos River had its headwaters in the foothills of Mount Ida near the town of Skepsis (at the present site of Kurşuntepe, in Bayramiç, Turkey), and emptied into the Hellespont in the vicinity of Zeleia. The most important neighbouring rivers were the Grenikos to the west, and the Rhyndakos and the Askanios to the east.

BkII811 BkIV68 Mentioned.

BkXII1 After the war, Poseidon diverted its streams to destroy the Greek wall.

Aesyetes

A Trojan hero.

BkII760 His grave mound near Troy.

Aesyetes

BkXIII402 Father of Alcathous

Aesyme

Possibly this is the ancient town of Oisyme at the foot of Mount Pangaion (Panagia) in Macedonia.

BkVIII273 The birthplace of Castianeira.

Aesymnus

A leading Greek warrior.

BkXI299 Killed by Hector.

Aethe

BkXXIII262 BkXXIII499 A mare belonging to Agamemnon which he lends to his brother for the chariot race.

Aethices

A people living on and around Mount Pindus in Thessaly.

BkII681 Mentioned.

Aethon

BkVIII157 One of Hector’s horses.

Aethra

A daughter of king Pittheus of Troezen she became the mother of Theseus by Aegeus. Carried off to Lacedaemon by Castor and Polydeuces, she became a slave of Helen, with whom she was taken to Troy. She was subsequently liberated.

BkIII121 Mentioned.

Aetolia

A mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, it forms the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania.

BkII581 The Aetolian contingent at Troy.

BkIV326 Tydeus was an Aetolian, and king of Calydon.

BkIV473 BkXIII206 BkXV281 Thoas is an Aetolian leader.

BkV767 Periphas is an Aetolian.

BkIX527 The Aetolian involvement in the Calydonian Boar Hunt.

BkXXIII448 Diomedes, son of Tydeus, is Aetolian.

Agacles

The father of Epeigeus.

BkXVI569 Mentioned.

Agamede

The eldest daughter of Augeias, skilled in herbs.

BkXI655 Mentioned.

Agamemnon

The king of Mycenae, son of Atreus, brother of Menelaüs, husband of Clytaemnestra, father of Orestes, Iphigenia, and Electra. He was the leader of the Greek army, in the Trojan War. See also Aeschylus’s Oresteian tragedies.

BkI1 BkXIII81 BkXXIV349 BkXXIV621 His quarrel with Achilles is the initial theme of the Iliad.

BkI22 BkI53 BkI357 He is angered by the priest Chryses, and dismisses his plea.

BkI101 He is angered by Calchas interpretation of the plague.

BkI188 BkI223 BkI285 BkI488 BkII760 BkXVI257 BkXVIII243 His quarrel with Achilles.

BkI318 BkXVIII368 He seizes Briseis.

BkI428 He sends an offering to Apollo on Chryse, and returns Chryseis.

BkII1 Zeus sends him a false dream.

BkII48 BkII109 BkIX1 He calls an assembly and proposes the Greeks sail home.

BkII155 Odysseus borrows his sceptre to command the Greeks.

BkII188 Odysseus suggests that he is testing the army.

BkII211 He is criticised by Thersites.

BkII278 He is supported by Odysseus.

BkII333 He is advised by Nestor.

BkII394 He sacrifices to the gods before battle.

BkII484 BkX299 BkXI762 BkXXIV677 The supreme commander of the Greek contingents at Troy.

BkII581 Brother of Menelaus. Agamemnon gifted ships to the land-locked Arcadians.

BkIII58 BkIII245 He organises and leads the Greek part of the treaty sacrifice.

BkIII121 Helen points him out to Priam.

BkIII395 He demands compensation from the Trojans.

BkIV127 BkIV198 He reacts to the wounding of his brother Menelaus.

BkIV250 BkIV326 BkIV422 Agamemnon visits the generals before the battle.

BkV1 He kills Odius.

BkV519 He urges on the Greeks.

BkVI1 He kills Elatus then urges Menelaus to kill Adrastus.

BkVI369 He assaults the walls of Troy.

BkVII54 He dissuades Menelaus from accepting Hector’s challenge.

BkVII161 BkVII233 He offers to fight Hector in single combat. Ajax returns to him after breaking off the fight.

BkVII313 He sacrifices a bull to Zeus and awards Ajax the chine.

BkVII379 He allows a truce with the Trojans to bury the dead.

BkVIII53 He leaves the battlefield when Zeus displays his menace.

BkVIII212 Hera prompts him to rally the Greeks by the ships.

BkVIII273 He praises Teucer and promises him honours.

BkIX79 BkIX162 BkIX222 He promises gifts for Achilles in reconciliation.

BkIX307 BkIX430 BkIX656 Achilles rejects his offer.

BkX72 He rouses Nestor.

BkX194 He insists Diomedes choose his own companion for a foray.

BkXI1 He arms for battle with the Trojans.

BkXI84 BkXI163 He carves his way through the ranks of the fleeing Trojans.

BkXI218 BkXI655 BkXVI1 He is wounded by Cöon, and withdraws from the field.

BkXIV1 He again proposes that the Greeks sail home.

BkXIV82 He is reproached by Odysseus.

BkXIV135 Poseidon, in disguise, reassures him.

BkXIV352 Though wounded he re-enters the fight.

BkXIX1 He attends the assembly which ends the quarrel with Achilles.

BkXIX74 BkXIX145 He describes the effects of Ate and renews his offer to Achilles.

BkXIX238 He returns Briseis to Achilles accompanied by gifts, and swears an oath, while performing a sacrifice to Zeus, Earth, Sun and the Furies.

BkXIX282 He and the other generals try to comfort the grieving Achilles.

BkXXIII1 He invites Achilles to dine with him.

BkXXIII108 BkXXIII192 He orders men to collect wood for Patroclus’ pyre, and later to quench it.

BkXXIII262 Menelaus uses his horse Aethe in the chariot race.

BkXXIII448 He is suggested as referee for a bet on the outcome of the race.

BkXXIII884 He receives first prize for the javelin competition without competing.

Agapenor

A son of Ancaeus, and grandson of Lycurgus, he was king of the Arcadians. On his return from Troy he was cast by a storm on the coast of Cyprus, where he founded the town of Paphos, and in it the famous temple of Aphrodite.

BkII581 He was the leader of the Arcadian contingent to the war.

Agasthenes

He was a son of Augeias, whom he succeeded in the kingdom of Elis.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Agastrophus

A Trojan, the son of Paeon.

BkXI299 BkXI349 Killed by Diomedes.

Agathon

A son of Priam.

BkXXIV200 His father berates him.

Agave

BkXVIII1 A Nereid.

Agelaus

A leading Greek warrior.

BkXI299 Killed by Hector.

Agelaus

A Trojan, the son of Phradmon.

BkVIII212 Killed by Diomedes.

Agenor

A son of the Trojan Antenor and Theano, a priestess of Athene.

BkIV422 He kills Elephenor.

BkXI1 Mentioned as a leader of the Trojans.

BkXII80 He is a leader of the second company.

BkXIII468 He fights alongside Aeneas.

BkXIII576 He assists the wounded Helenus.

BkXIV402 He goes to aid the wounded Hector.

BkXV328 He kills Clonius.

BkXVI508 Glaucus seeks him on the battlefield.

BkXX455 The father of Echeclus.

BkXXI526 He confronts Achilles and is saved by Apollo.

Aglaia

Mother of Nireus.

BkII645 Mentioned.

Agrius

A son of Portheus. The sons of Agrius deprived Oeneus of his kingdom, and gave it to their father; but all of them, with the exception of Thersites, were slain by Diomedes, the grandson of Oeneus.

BkXIV82 Mentioned.

Aiantes

BkXVIII148 etc. Ajax the Greater and Ajax the Lesser.

Ajax (Aias)

Ajax the Greater, a hero of the Trojan War, was the son of Telamon and grandson of Aeacus.

BkI101 One of the leaders of the Greeks at Troy.

BkII394 He assists Agamemnon in sacrificing to the gods and rousing the troops.

BkII484 Mentioned to distinguish him from the Lesser Ajax. He was leader of the contingent from Salamis.

BkII760 He is finest of the warriors at Troy next to Achilles.

BkIII181 Pointed out by Helen to Priam.

BkIV250 Agamemnon talks with him before the battle.

BkIV473 He kills Simoeisius.

BkV519 He urges on the Greeks.

BkV590 He kills Amphius.

BkVI1 He kills Acamas.

BkVI369 He assaults the walls of Troy.

BkVII161 He is chosen to fight Hector in single combat.

BkVII233 He breaks off combat with Hector and they exchange gifts.

BkVII313 He receives the best of the sacrifice as a reward.

BkVIII53 He leaves the battlefield when Zeus displays his menace.

BkVIII212 BkXI1 His ship is beached at the end of the Greek line. He attacks the Trojans with Teucer beside him.

BkIX162 BkIX222 BkIX606 BkIX656 A member of the embassy to Achilles.

BkX72 Nestor proposes summoning him.

BkX194 He joins the counsel and wishes to carry out a mission.

BkXI401 He rescues Odysseus.

BkXI489 He attacks the Trojans. Hector avoids him.

BkXI543 Zeus causes him to retreat.

BkXII251 BkXII329 He rallies the Greeks along the wall.

BkXII378 He kills Epicles.

BkXIII1 He recognises the visit of Poseidon.

BkXIII81 He leads the Greek fightback, defending the centre.

BkXIII136 He drags away the corpse of Imbrius.

BkXIII643 His ship is beached where the wall is lowest. He fights alongside Ajax the lesser.

BkXIII788 He verbally challenges Hector.

BkXIV402 BkXV1 BkXV220 BkXV281 He wounds Hector.

BkXIV458 He kills Archelocus.

BkXV379 He kills Caletor.

BkXV458 He rouses his troops.

BkXV514 He kills Laodamas.

BkXV653 He defends the ships from their decks.

BkXVI101 He is forced by Hector to fall back, allowing the ships to be fired.

BkXVI351 His desire to attack Hector once more.

BkXVI508 Patroclus urges him to despoil Sarpedon’s body.

BkXVII82 BkXVII140 BkXVII198 He helps Menelaus to defend Patroclus’ corpse.

BkXVII262 He kills Hippothous and Phorcys.

BkXVII319 He rallies the Greeks over the corpse of Patroclus.

BkXVII481 Automedon appeals to him for support.

BkXVII597 He prays to Zeus to lift the fog of war, then sends Menelaus to find Antilochus.

BkXVII656 BkXVII722 BkXVIII148 The Aiantes hold the Trojans back from Patroclus’ corpse.

BkXXIII700 He wrestles with Odysseus at the games.

BkXXIII799 He fights with Diomedes at the games.

BkXXIII826 He competes in the throwing contest.

Ajax (Aias)

Ajax the Lesser, a warrior at Troy, was the son of Oileus. He raped Cassandra in Athene’s temple at Troy, and incurred the goddess’ enmity.

BkII394 He assists Agamemnon in sacrificing to the gods and rousing the troops.

BkII484 He is leader of the Locrian contingent at Troy.

BkIV250 Agamemnon talks with him before the battle.

BkV519 He urges on the Greeks.

BkVI369 He assaults the walls of Troy.

BkVII161 He offers to fight Hector in single combat.

BkVIII53 He leaves the battlefield when Zeus displays his menace.

BkVIII212 He attacks the Trojans.

BkX72 Nestor proposes summoning him.

BkX131 Diomedes rouses him.

BkX194 He joins the counsel and wishes to carry out a mission.

BkXII251 BkXII329 He rallies the Greeks along the wall.

BkXIII1 He recognises the visit of Poseidon.

BkXIII81 He leads the Greek fightback, defending the centre.

BkXIII136 He drags away the corpse of Imbrius.

BkXIII643BkXV328 Medon is his half-brother. He fights to repel the Trojan attack.

BkXIV402 He kills Satnius.

BkXIV458 He kills many Trojans, being expert at hunting down those who flee the battle.

BkXVI257 He kills Cleobulus.

BkXVI508 Patroclus urges him to despoil Sarpedon’s body.

BkXVII198 He rallies to Ajax and Menelaus.

BkXVII481 Automedon appeals to him for support.

BkXVII656 BkXVII722 BkXVIII148 The Aiantes hold the Trojans back from Patroclus’ corpse.

BkXXIII448 He quarrels with Idomeneus.

BkXXIII740 He comes second in the foot-race.

Aidoneus

See Hades

Alalcomenean

BkIV1 BkV846 A title of Athene, referring perhaps to a place or an epithet as ‘strong defender’.

Alastor

A Lycian.

BkV590 Killed by Odysseus.

Alastor

BkIV250 A leader of the Pylian contingent at Troy.

Alastor

A Greek comrade of Ajax and Teucer.

BkVIII273 He helps carry Teucer from the battlefield.

BkXIII402 He helps carry Hypsenor from the battlefield.

Alastor

A Trojan.

BkXX455 The father of Tros.

Alcandrus

A Lycian.

BkV590 Killed by Odysseus.

Alcathous

A son of Aesyetes he was the husband of Hippodameia, the daughter of Anchises, and sister of Aeneas who was educated in his house.

BkXII80 He is a leader of the second company.

BkXIII402 Killed by Idomeneus.

Alcestis

A daughter of Pelias and Anaxibia, and mother of Eumelus and Admetus.

BkII681 Mother of Eumelus.

Alcimedon

The son of Laerces.

BkXVI155 Leader of a company of the Myrmidons.

BkXVII384 BkXVII481 He takes over the reins of Achilles’ chariot.

Alcimus

A groom to Achilles.

BkXIX338 He helps ready the chariot.

BkXXIV468 He is in Achilles’ hut when Priam is received there.

BkXXIV552 He assists Achilles with the preparation of Hector’s corpse.

Alcmaon

A Greek, the son of Thestor.

BkXII378 Killed by Sarpedon.

Alcmene

The daughter of Electryon of Mycenae, she was the mother by Zeus of Heracles (Hercules).

BkXIV292 She was the mother of Heracles.

BkXIX74 Her labour was delayed by Hera to thwart Zeus.

Alectryon

BkXVII597 The father of Leitus.

Alegenor

See Promachus

BkXIV458 The father of Promachus.

Aleian Plain

A plain in Cilicia (in Anatolia in Modern Turkey).

BkVI119 The scene of Bellerophon’s wandering.

Alesium

A hill-city in Elis north of ancient Olympia, east of modern Pyrgos.

BkII581 BkXI655 Mentioned.

Alexander

See Paris

Aloeus

A son of Poseidon and Canace, he married Iphimedeia, the daughter of Triops. The two sons whom she had by Poseidon, were the Aloeidae.

BkV352 Mentioned.

Alope

An ancient city west of modern Arkitsa, in Hellas.

BkII681 Mentioned.

Alos

An ancient city in the vicinity of modern Sourpi in Thessaly.

BkII681 Mentioned.

Alpheius, Alpheus

The river and the river-god of Elis, he was the father of Ortilochus, and grandfather of Diocles.

BkII581 BkV519 Mentioned.

BkXI655 Thryon on its bank.

Altes

King of the Leleges.

BkXXI34 BkXXII1 The father of Priam’s wife, Laothoe.

Althaea

A daughter of the Aetolian king Thestius and Eurythemis, and sister of Leda and Hypermnestra, she was married to Oeneus, king of Calydon, by whom she became the mother of Meleager.

BkIX527 Angered by Meleager’s killing of his uncle, her brother, she cursed him.

Alybe

Possibly Chalybe, see Halizones.

BkII811 Mentioned.

Amarynceus

See Diores

A chief of the Eleans, and son of Onesimachus, Acetor or Pyttius.

BkII581 BkIV473 The father of Diores.

BkXXIII566 He was killed by Nestor in a conflict between Elis and Pylus.

Amatheia

BkXVIII1 A Nereid.

Amaxa

See Bear

Amazons

A warlike race of females, they came from the country about the Caucasus, their principal location being on the river Thermodon, in the neighbourhood of the modern Trebizond. They are said to have at different times invaded Thrace, Asia Minor, the islands of the Aegean, Greece, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, and Libya.

BkVI119 Destroyed by Bellerephon.

Amisodarus

A king of Caria or Lycia, who was said to have reared the Chimaera.

BkXVI257 His sons Atymnius and Maris killed by the sons of Nestor.

Amopaon

BkVIII273 A Trojan killed by Teucer.

Amphiclus

A Trojan.

BkXVI257 Killed by Meges.

Amphidamas, of Cythera

A Greek.

BkX254 Mentioned as receiving the gift of a helmet from Autolycus.

Amphidamus, of Opus

Patroclus had killed his son, Cleitonymus or Aeanes, in a quarrel over a game of dice.

BkXXIII54 Mentioned.

Amphigeneia

A city, it lay east of modern Mouriatada village, east of Kyparissa in Messinia.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Amphimachus, son of Cteatus

A son of Cteatus and Theronice, he was grandson of Actor or of Poseidon. He is mentioned among the suitors of Helen, and was one of the four chiefs who led the Epeians against Troy.

BkII581 Mentioned.

BkXIII136 BkXIII206 Killed by Hector.

Amphimachus

A son of Nomion, who together with his brother Nastes led a host of Carians to the assistance of the Trojans.

BkII811 Mentioned.

Amphinome

BkXVIII1 A Nereid.

Amphion

An Epeian Greek leader.

BkXIII643 He fights to repel the Trojan attack.

Amphithoe

BkXVIII1 A Nereid.

Amphitryon

A son of Alcaeus, king of Troezen, by Hipponome, the daughter of Menoeceus, he married Alcmene, whose affair with Zeus produced Heracles.

BkV352 Mentioned.

Amphius, son of Merops

Son of Merops. A Trojan leader.

BkII811 Mentioned.

Amphius, son of Selagus

A Trojan.

BkV590 Killed by Ajax.

Amphoterus

BkXVI351 A Trojan killed by Patroclus.

Amyclae

A city in Laconia, northeast of modern Amycles, near Sparta.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Amydon

A city on the Axius River in Paeonia.

BkII811 Mentioned.

BkXVI257 Home of Pyraechmes.

Amyntor

A son of Ormenus of Eleon (Ormenium) near Mount Pelion in Thessaly, Autolycus broke into his house and stole the helmet which afterwards came into the hands of Meriones, who wore it during the war against Troy. Amyntor was the father of Crantor, Euaemon, Astydameia, and Phoenix.

BkIX430 The father of Phoenix who fled his anger after seducing his father’s mistress at the instigation of his mother.

BkX254 Autolycus stole his helmet.

Ancaeus, of Arcadia

A son of the Arcadian Lycurgus, and Cleophile or Eurynome, and father of Agapenor. He was one of the Argonauts and took part in the Calydonian hunt, in which he was killed by the boar.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Ancaeus, of Pleuron

BkXXIII566 An Elian once defeated in a wrestling match by Nestor.

Anchialus

A Greek veteran.

BkV590 Killed by Hector.

Anchises

A son of Capys and Themis, the daughter of Ilus, Anchises was a scion of the royal house of Troy and beloved by Aphrodite, by whom he became the father of Aeneas.

BkII811 BkV239 BkV297 BkXII80 BkXVII481 BkXX153

The father of Aeneas.

BkXIII402 Alcathous his son-in-law, Hippodameia his daughter.

BkXVII319 Periphas is his herald.

Anchises of Sicyon

BkXXIII262 The father of Echepolus.

Andraemon

The father of Thoas, he was the husband of Gorge the daughter of the Calydonian king Oeneus. When Diomedes freed Oeneus, his grandfather, who had been imprisoned by the sons of Agrius, he gave the kingdom to Andraemon, since Oeneus was already too old. The tomb of Andraemon, together with that of his wife Gorge, was seen at Amphissa in the time of Pausanias.

BkII581 BkVII161 BkXIII206 BkXV281 Mentioned. The father of Thoas.

Andromache

The wife of Hector, and a daughter of Eetion, king of the Cilician Thebes, her father and seven brothers were killed by Achilles at the taking of Thebes, and her mother, who had purchased her freedom by a large ransom, was killed by Artemis.

BkVI369 She takes leave of Hector, as he returns to battle.

BkVI440 Hector foresees her fate after the fall of Troy.

BkVI494 She returns to the palace, sorrowing for Hector.

BkVIII157 She used to feed Hector’s horses.

BkXVII198 Zeus predicts she will be widowed by the war.

BkXXII405 BkXXIV677 BkXXIV718 She mourns the death of Hector.

Anemoreia

A Phocian city, near Delphi.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Anteia

The wife of King Proetus she was the lover of Bellerephon.

BkVI119 Her betrayal of Bellerephon.

Antenor

A Trojan, he was the son of Aesyetes and Cleomestra, and husband of Theano, by whom he had many children. An elder statesman.

BkII811 Mentioned.

BkIII121 Father of Helicaon.

BkIII181 He recalls the previous embassy of Menelaus and Odysseus.

BkIII245 BkIII310 He witnesses the sacrifice before the duel.

BkIV68 Father of Laodocus.

BkV1 Father of Pedaeus.

BkVI237 The husband of Theano, and described as the horse-tamer.

BkVII313 He proposes returning Helen to Achaea.

BkXI1 His sons Polybus, Agenor and Acamas.

BkXI218 BkXIX1 Father of Cöon (his eldest son) and Iphidamas.

BkXII80 BkXIV458 Father of Archelocus.

BkXV514 Father of the dead Laomedon.

BkXX353 Father of the dead Demoleon.

BkXXI526 Father of Agenor.

Anthedon

A Boeotian city, near modern Loukissia village, near Drossia.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Antheia

A city in Messinia, near the coast east of the Pylian country.

BkIX79 BkIX222 Promised to Achilles by Agamemnon.

Anthemion

A Trojan, the father of Simoeisius.

BkIV473 Mentioned.

Antilochus

The son of Nestor. Achilles’ favourite after Patroclus he was killed by Memnon at Troy.

BkIV422 He kills Echepolus, a Trojan.

BkV519 He supports Menelaus and kills Mydon.

BkVI1 He kills Ablerus.

BkXIII81 He is roused by Poseidon.

BkXIII330 He kills Asius’ charioteer.

BkXIII402 He defends the body of Hypsenor.

BkXIII468 He fights alongside Idomeneus.

BkXIII526 He kills Thoön.

BkXIV458 He kills Phalces and Mermerus.

BkXV565 He kills Melanippus.

BkXVI257 He kills Atymnius.

BkXVII319 He is unaware of Patroclus’ death.

BkXVII597 Menelaus sets off to find him on the battlefield.

BkXVII656 BkXVIII1 He goes to Achilles to give him news of Patroclus’ death.

BkXXIII262 He competes in the chariot race.

BkXXIII499 He comes in second in the race, after driving recklessly.

BkXXIII566 He placates Menelaus.

BkXXIII740 He comes third in the foot-race.

Antimachus

A Trojan, who, when Menelaus and Odysseus came to Troy to ask for the surrender of Helen, argued against it, and advised his countrymen to put the ambassadors to death.

BkXI84 His sons Isus and Antiphus killed by Agamemnon.

BkXII175 His third son Hippomachus killed by Leonteus.

Antiphates

A Trojan.

BkXII175 Killed by Leonteus.

Antiphonus

A son of Priam.

BkXXIV200 His father berates him.

Antiphus, son of Priam

A son of Priam and Hecuba. While he was tending the flocks on Mount Ida with his brother Isus, he was made prisoner by Achilles, but was restored to freedom after a ransom was given for him.

BkIV473 He kills Leucus.

BkXI84 Killed by Agamemnon.

Antiphus, son of Talaemenes

A Maeonian leader at Troy.

BkII811 Mentioned.

Antiphus, son of Thessalus

A son of Thessalus, he and his brother Pheidippus commanded the men of Carpathos, Casos, Cos, and other islands at Troy.

BkII645 Mentioned.

Antron

A city in Thessaly within the modern port area of Glyfa.

BkII681 Mentioned.

Apaesus

A city (Pessos) in ancient Mysia, east of modern Erdek in Turkey.

BkII811 Mentioned.

Aphareus

A Greek captain.

BkIX79 He leads a contingent of guards on sentry duty.

BkXIII468 He fights alongside Idomeneus.

BkXIII526 Killed by Aeneas.

Aphrodite

The divine daughter of Zeus, she was the wife of Hephaestus. The Goddess of Love, noted for her beauty. She favours the Trojans.

BkII811 BkV239 BkXX75 BkXX153 The lover of the mortal Anchises, and mother of Aeneas.

BkIII1 BkIII58 Paris’ good looks are her gift, and the gifts of the gods are not be scorned.

BkIII310 BkIV1 She rescues Paris from Menelaus.

BkIII395 She sends Helen to Paris.

BkV297 She rescues her son, Aeneas.

BkV352 BkV846 Diomedes wounds her, and she retires to Oympus.

BkV703 She supports the Trojans.

BkV767 Diomedes was given leave to attack her.

BkIX307 Noted for her beauty.

BkXIV135 BkXIV224 She lends Hera her magic belt.

BkXIX282 Briseis is compared to her for beauty.

BkXX1 She enters the war again in support of the Trojans.

BkXXI383 She and Athene quarrel, and Athene attacks her.

BkXXII405 Andromache’s veil is a wedding gift from Aphrodite.

BkXXIII108 She protects Hector’s corpse.

BkXXIV1 Paris had famously judged her to be the most beautiful of the goddesses.

BkXXIV677 Cassandra’s beauty is compared to hers.

Apisaon, son of Hippasus

A Trojan leader.

BkXVII319 Killed by Lycomedes.

Apisaon, son of Phausius

A Trojan general.

BkXI543 Killed by Eurypylus.

Apollo

Phoebus Apollo, son of Zeus and Latona (Leto), brother of Artemis, born on Delos. He was the god of poetry, art, medicine, prophecy, and of the sun. (See the Apollo Belvedere, sculpted by Leochares?, Vatican: the Piombino Apollo, Paris Louvre: the Tiber Apollo, Rome, National Museum of the Terme: the fountain sculpture by Tuby at Versailles – The Chariot of Apollo: and the sculpture by Girardon and Regnaudin at Versailles – Apollo Tended by the Nymphs – derived from the Apollo Belvedere, and once part of the now demolished Grotto of Thetis)

BkI1 BkI357 He visits the Greek armies with plague. Called the Far-Striker.

BkI22 Chryses prays to him for vengeance. He is called Smintheus.

BkI101 BkI148 Agamennon proposes appeasing him with sacrifice.

BkI285 Agamemnon offers him sacrifice.

BkI428 Odysseus sacrifices to him on Chryse. Cilla and Tenedos are also sacred to him.

BkI568 God of music and the lyre.

BkII333 Agamemnon invokes him.

BkII760 He reared Admetus’ horses.

BkII811 He gifted Pandarus his bow.

BkIV68 BkV84 Extensively worshipped in Lycia (e.g. at Xanthus, Telmessus, Patara, and Sura)

BkIV473 He urges on the Trojans.

BkV431 BkXXIII262 He protects Aeneas.

BkV703 He supports the Trojans.

BkVII1 He conspires with Athene to halt the fighting.

BkVII54 In the guise of a vulture he settles to watch the combat.

BkVII433 BkXXI383 He and Poseidon built the walls of Troy for Laomedon.

BkVIII273 He deflects Teucer’s arrow and saves Hector.

BkIX527 He snatched Marpessa and was challenged by Idas.

BkX515 Enraged by Athene’s support for the Greeks, he rouses the Trojans.

BkXI349 He gifted Hector his helmet.

BkXII1 After the war he and Poseidon erased all signs of the Greek camp.

BkXV1 BkXV78 BkXV220 He is sent to re-invigorate Hector at Zeus’ command.

BkXV281 He wields the aegis, and routs the Greeks.

BkXV328 He bridges the Achaean ditch and shatters the wall.

BkXV514 He protects Polydamas.

BkXVI1 Achilles invokes him, but acknowledges his love for the Trojans.

BkXVI508 Glaucus prays to him, and his prayer is answered.

BkXVI569 He bears Sarpedon’s body from the field.

BkXVI684 He hurls Patroclus back from the walls of Troy, then disguised as Asius, urges Hector back to the field.

BkXVI726 He aids Hector and the Trojans.

BkXVI777 BkXVIII368 BkXIX338 He attacks Patroclus, initiating his death.

BkXVII1 BkXVII82 Disguised as Mentes, he rouses Hector to attack Menelaus.

BkXVII319 Disguised as Periphas, the herald, he rouses Aeneas.

BkXVII543 Disguised as Phaenops, he rouses Hector.

BkXX1 He enters the war again in support of the Trojans.

BkXX75 BkXX259 Disguised as Lycaon, he rouses Aeneas to fight Achilles.

BkXX353 He warns Hector to avoid Achilles.

BkXX419 He saves Hector from Achilles.

BkXXI200 Achilles calls on him for support.

BkXXI383 He and Poseidon have words.

BkXXI526 BkXXII1 He saves Agenor from Achilles and disguised as Agenor leads Achilles away from the Trojans.

BkXXII188 He strengthens Hector for one last time, but leaves him when his fate is decided by Zeus.

BkXXII247 Hector believes Zeus and Apollo have determined on his death. He also prophesies that Apollo will be a party to Achilles’ death.

BkXXIII108 He protects Hector’s corpse.

BkXXIII362 He snatches Diomedes’ whip from his hand in the chariot race.

BkXXIII651 He invented the art of boxing, beating Ares at the first ‘Olympic’ contest.

BkXXIII850 He favours Meriones in the archery, who remembers his vow to the god.

BkXXIV1 He disapproves of Achilles’ treatment of Hector’s corpse.

BkXXIV552 His punishment of Niobe.

BkXXIV718 Apollo brings death to men with his arrows, as Artemis does to women, whether though battle or a gentler death.

Apseudes

BkXVIII1 A Nereid.

Araethyrea

An ancient city near Corinth, northwest of modern Nemea.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Arcadia

A region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. It takes its name from the mythological character Arcas.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Arcesilaus

A son of Lycus and Theobule, he was a leader of the Boeotians in the war, and a friend of Menestheus.

BkII484 Mentioned.

BkXV328 He is is killed by Hector.

Archelochus

Son of Antenor.

BkII811 A commander of the Dardanians.

BkXII80 He is a leader of the fourth company.

Archeptolemus

A Trojan.

BkVIII112 He acts as Hector’s charioteer.

BkVIII273 Killed by Teucer.

Arctus

See The Bear

Areilycus

A Greek.

BkXIV402 The father of Prothoenor.

Areilycus

A Trojan.

BkXVI257 Killed by Patroclus.

Areithous, of Arne

King of Arne in Boeotia, and husband of Philomedusa, is called korunêtês, because he fought with no other weapon but a club. He fell by the hand of the Arcadian Lycurgus, who drove him into a narrow defile, where he could not make use of his weapon.

BkVII1 Father of Menesthius.

BkVII120 His armour taken by Lycurgus.

Areithous, of Thrace

A Trojan, the charioteer and squire of Rhigmus.

BkXX455 Killed by Achilles.

Arene

A city near modern Kalamata in Messinia.

BkII581 Mentioned.

BkXI655 The river Minyeius was nearby.

Ares

The god of war, he is the son of Zeus and Hera.

BkII109 BkXIX1 The Greek warriors are called companions or attendants of Ares.

BkII394 BkVII161 The warlike spirit in a man derives from Ares.

BkII484 BkIX79 His sons Ascalaphus and Ialmenus.

BkII484 Elephenor was a scion of his.

BkII645 Enyalius, the warlike, a title of his: later a separate god.

BkIV422 He urges on the Trojans.

BkV1 Athene disengages him from the battle.

BkV352 Ares lends Aphrodite his horses and chariot.

BkV431 Masked as Acamas he aids the Trojans in battle.

BkV590 BkV703 BkV767 He fights alongside Hector for the Trojans.

BkV846 BkXXI383 He is wounded by Diomedes and healed by Paeeon.

BkVII313 BkXIII81 The agent of Greek deaths.

BkVIII335 His glaring eyes.

BkXI596 Patroclus looks warlike and invites comparison with Ares.

BkXIII239 His son is Phobos, Terror.

BkXIII468 His son Ascalaphus (by Astyoche) is killed by Deiphobus.

BkXV78 He is angered by Ascalaphus’s death.

BkXVII1 The leading warriors are described as dear to Ares, or peers of Ares.

BkXVII198 Hector is filled by the spirit of Ares.

BkXVII384 The god of war, and therefore its most intense spirit.

BkXX1 BkXX75 BkXX75 He enters the war again in support of the Trojans.

BkXXI383 He and Athene quarrel.

Aretaon

BkVI1 A Trojan killed by Teucer.

Aretus

A Trojan leader.

BkXVII481 He joins the attack on Automedon and is killed.

Argeas

See Polymelus

BkXVI351 A Trojan killed by Patroclus.

Argeiphontes, Slayer of Argus

See Hermes

Argus was appointed by Hera as guardian of the cow into which Io had been metamorphosed. Zeus commissioned Hermes to carry off the cow, and Hermes accomplished the task, according to some accounts, by stoning Argus to death, or according to others, by sending him to sleep by the sweetness of his flute-playing and then cutting off his head. Hera transplanted his eyes to the tail of the peacock, her favourite bird.

BkXVI155 BkXXIV281 BkXXIV349 Hermes is called Argeiphontes, the slayer of Argus.

Argissa

A Thessalian city it lay north of modern Terpsithea, southwest of Larissa.

BkII681 Mentioned.

Argives

The inhabitants of Argos (especially of Sparta and Mycenae) in the Peloponnese, but extended to cover all the Greeks who sailed for Troy.

BkI53 The Greeks at Troy.

Argos

The city and district in the north-west Peloponnese, it is also a general term for southern Greece. Agamemnon was king of the region.

BkI22 BkII109 BkIV127 BkVII313 BkIX1 BkIX79 The royal domain of Agamemnon.

BkII484 Its contingents at Troy.

BkII681 Described as Pelasgian.

BkIV1 A city beloved of the goddess Hera.

BkVI119 Ruled Corinth, ancient Ephyre.

BkIX222 BkXIII206 BkXIV1 BkXV328 A general term for southern Greece.

BkXIV82 Tydeus settled there.

BkXV1 Zeus had carried Heracles to safety there.

BkXIX74 Home of Sthenelus.

Ariadne

A daughter of Minos, she was half-sister to the Minotaur, and the sister of Phaedra, and helped Theseus kill the Minotaur in the labyrinth on Crete.

BkXVIII468 Daedalus built her a dancing-floor at Cnossos, as well as building the labyrinth there. Ariadne may be a representation of the great goddess, akin to Artemis.

Arimi

Possibly a reference to either the Armen or the Aramaean tribes to the west of Lake Van.

BkII760 Mentioned.

Arion

BkXXIII262 A famous horse belonging to Adrastus of Sicyon.

Arisbas

BkXVII319 The father of Leocritus.

Arisbe

A city in the Troad.

BkII811 BkVI1 Mentioned.

BkXII80 Native city of Asius.

BkXXI34 Lycaon was sent there. The city is described as sacred, and was possibly a second city or sanctuary situated on Lemnos.

Arne

A Boeotian city, possibly Chaeronea, situated about seven miles West of Orchomenus.

BkII484 Mentioned.

BkVII1 The home of King Areithous.

Arsinous

The ruler of Tenedos, allied to Troy, defeated by Achilles.

BkXI596 The father of Hecamede, Nestor’s slave.

Artemis

The daughter of Zeus and Leto, and sister of Apollo, she was the goddess of hunting, childbirth and women’s matters generally.

BkV1 She grants skill with the bow.

BkV431 She tends Aeneas.

BkVI119 Called Artemis of the Golden Reins, she slew Laodameia.

BkVI369 Eetion’s wife was killed by her, or died of a sickness (with Artemis as the bringer of death to women – her arrows perhaps equating to heart disease).

BkIX527 Her punishment of Oeneus, sending the Calydonian Boar.

BkXVI155 Her ritual dancing floor and choir of maidens.

BkXIX1 The goddess of sudden death for women, as Apollo was for men.

BkXX1 She enters the war again in support of the Trojans.

BkXXI383 She berates her brother Apollo.

BkXXIV552 Her punishment of Niobe.

Asaeus

A leading Greek warrior.

BkXI299 Killed by Hector.

Ascalaphus

A son of Ares and Astyoche, and brother of Ialmenus, together with whom he led the Minyans of Orchomenos against Troy

BkII484 A Greek leader.

BkIX79 He leads a contingent of guards on sentry duty.

BkXIII468 BkXIII526 BkXV78 He fights alongside Idomeneus, and is killed by Deiphobus.

Ascania

A city (modern Iznik, once Nicaea) it was alos the region around Lake Ascania (Lake Iznik) in northwest Anatolia, Turkey.

BkII811 Mentioned.

BkXIII788 The homeland of Hippotion, Ascanius and Morys.

Ascanius

A leader of the Phrygians at Troy, he was a son of Hippotion from Ascania.

BkII811 Mentioned.

BkXIII788 He fights at the front.

Asclepius

He was the father of Machaon and Podaleirius, the physicians in the Greek army. The deified Asclepius was worshipped in Roman times.

BkII681 Mentioned.

BkIV127 BkIV198 BkXI489 BkXI596 BkXIV1 The father of Machaon who was also a famous healer.

Asine

A city of the Argolid, northeast of modern Tolo township.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Asius, son of Dymas

The son of Dymas, brother to Hecabe, and uncle of Hector.

BkXVI684 Apollo disguises himself as Asius.

Asius, son of Hyrtacus

A son of Hyrtacus of Arisbe. He was one of the allies of the Trojans.

BkII811 Mentioned.

BkXII80 He is a leader of the third company.

BkXIII330 BkXIII402 Killed by Idomeneus.

BkXIII526 He is the father of Adamas.

BkXIII723 Hector seeks but fails to find him in the front ranks.

BkXVII543 The father of Phaenops.

Asopus

The river and river-god of the north-eastern Peloponnese.

BkIV326 BkX254 Mentioned.

Aspledon

A Minyan town, northwest of modern Dionyssus village, near Orchemenos.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Assaracus

A son of Tros and Calirrhoë, the daughter of Scamander, he was king of Troy, and husband of Hieromneme, by whom he became the father of Capys, the father of Anchises.

BkXX153 Great-grandfather of Aeneas.

Asterion, Asterium

A city in Thessaly south of modern Vlochos village, north of Palamas.

BkII681 Mentioned.

Asteropaeus

A son of Pelegon, and grandson of the river-god Axius, he was the commander of the Paeonians in the Trojan War, and an ally of the Trojans.

BkXII80 He is a leader of the fifth company.

BkXVII198 Hector rouses him to battle.

BkXVII319 The finest of the Paeonian warriors at Troy.

BkXXI136 BkXXI200 He is killed by Achilles.

BkXXIII499 Achilles gives his breastplate to Eumelus.

BkXXIII799 His sword is offered as a prize.

Astyalus

BkVI1 A Trojan killed by Polypoetes.

Astyanax

The son of Hector and Andromache, he was also called Scamandrius. The Trojans called him Astyanax or Lord of the City in tribute to his father. After the taking of Troy the Greeks hurled him down from the walls of the city to his death to prevent him restoring the kingdom of Troy.

BkVI369 BkVI440 Hector takes farewell of him on the battlements.

BkXXII405 Andromache pities his fate, after Hector’s death.

Astynous, son of Protaion

A Trojan.

BkXV379 Acts as charioteer for Polydamas.

Astynous, a Trojan

BkV84 Killed by Diomedes.

Astyoche

A daughter of Actor who had two sons by Ares, namely Ascalaphus and Ialmenus.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Astyocheia, Astyoche

A daughter of Phylas, king of Ephyra, by whom Heracles, after the conquest of Ephyra, begot Tlepolemus.

BkII645 Mentioned.

Astypylus, a Paeonian

BkXXI200 He is killed by Achilles.

Ate, Blindness

According to Hesiod (Theog. 230), a daughter of Eris, and according to Homer of Zeus, she was an ancient Greek divinity, who led both gods and men to rash and inconsiderate actions and to suffering.

BkI357 Agamemnon is subject to ate in his rash behaviour towards Achilles.

BkXIX74 Homer seems to make Ate, the eldest daughter of Zeus, a Fury. She blinds men to their actions, and was hurled from Olympus by Zeus for blinding him to Hera’s deceit.

Athene

The virgin goddess of Mind, the Arts, and War, and daughter of Zeus, she was patroness of Athens, and protectress of Odysseus. Plato identified her with the Libyan Goddess, Neith.

BkI188 She counsels Achilles.

BkI357 She once attacked and bound Zeus.

BkII155 She counsels Odysseus to stop the Greeks sailing home.

BkII278 She stands beside Odysseus disguised as a herald.

BkII333 BkVIII273 Agamemnon invokes her.

BkII394 She passes through the ranks disguised as a herald rousing the troops. Her sacred aegis breastplate/cloak is described.

BkII484 Her nurturing of the hero-king of Athens Erectheus.

BkIV1 BkV431 BkXV149 She supports the Greeks and is sent to disturb the peace. She is called Alalcomenean, referring perhaps to a place or an epithet as ‘strong defender’.

BkIV68 Disguised as Laodocus she rouses Pandarus to attack Menelaus.

BkIV127 Athene deflects the arrow to save Menelaus’ life.

BkIV326 She once aided Tydeus.

BkIV422 BkIV473 She urges on the Greeks.

BkV1 BkV84 BkV239 BkV352 BkV767 She supports Diomedes.

BkV297 BkXIII81 BkXVII384 A warlike goddess.

BkV590 As goddess of mind, she is synonymous with Odysseus’ thought.

BkV703 Hera rouses her to attack the Trojans.

BkV767 BkV846 She urges Diomedes to attack Ares and protects him.

BkVI72 BkVI237 BkVI369 Her shrine on the acropolis of Troy, in the citadel Ilium, contained the Palladium, a sacred image of Athena herself or an image made by Athena of her unfortunate playmate Pallas. It was given by Zeus to Dardanus, the founder of Troy, and it was believed that the city could not be taken while it retained the image.

BkVII1 She conspires with Apollo to halt the fighting.

BkVII54 In the guise of a vulture she settles to watch the combat.

BkVII120 She once aided Nestor.

BkVIII1 BkIX222 She supports the Greeks and is titled Tritogeneia.

BkVIII335 She prepares to defy Zeus and halt the Trojan advance.

BkVIII397 BkVIII438 Zeus tells her not to intervene. Rebuked she falls silent.

BkIX307 BkXIV135 The goddess of women’s work. She made Hera’s embroidered robe.

BkX194 Her special relationship with Odysseus, as a symbol of the fertile intellect.

BkX254 She sends a favourable omen, a heron on the right, another of her bird disguises.

BkX349 BkX465 She inspires Diomedes.

BkX412 Odysseus offers her the spoils taken from Dolon. She is the ‘chaser of spoils’.

BkX515 Odysseus and Diomedes pour libations to thank her for her help.

BkXI1 She honours Agamemnon.

BkXI401 She protects Odysseus.

BkXI655 She had once warned the Pylians against Elis.

BkXV1 Zeus predicts that her advice will help the Greeks take Troy.

BkXV78 Athene (Reason) restrains Ares.

BkXV379 The goddess of skilled trades, as goddess of Mind.

BkXV565 She hastens the hour of Hector’s death at the hands of Achilles.

BkXV653 She clears the minds of the Greeks, and lights the scene.

BkXVI1 Achilles invokes her name.

BkXVII543 Disguised as Phoenix, she urges on Menelaus.

BkXVIII148 She exalts Achilles’ appearance to terrify the Trojans.

BkXVIII310 She robs the Trojans of judgement.

BkXIX338 She sustains Achilles with nectar and ambrosia.

BkXX1 BkXX259 She enters the war again in support of the Greeks.

BkXX75 BkXX153 She had aided Achilles once in his pursuit of Aeneas, and in taking Lyrnessus.

BkXX419 She protects Achilles from Hector’s spear.

BkXXI200 BkXXI298 She goes to Achilles’ assistance.

BkXXI383 She and Ares quarrel.

BkXXII131 She intervenes between Hector and Achilles.

BkXXII247 She deceives Hector, disguised as Deiphobus.

BkXXIII362 She favours Diomedes in the chariot race.

BkXXIII740 She favours Odysseus in the foot-race.

BkXXIV1 She approves of Achilles’ treatment of Hector’s corpse.

BkXXIV77 She welcomes Thetis to Olympus.

Athens

The chief city of Attica, it was sacred to Pallas Athene.

BkII484 The Athenian contingents at Troy.

Athos

A mountain, on the peninsula of the same name, in Macedonia, it juts into the northern Aegean.

BkXIV224 Mentioned.

Atreus

King of Mycenae, and the son of Pelops, he was the father of Agamemnon and Menelaüs. His feud with his brother Thyestes led to a chain of fatal events.

BkI1 BkI22 BkI53 BkI101 BkI188 BkXIV1 The father of Agamemnon.

BkII48 He was the recipient of a sceptre made by Hephaestus.

BkXVII1 The father of Menelaus.

Atrytone

A title of Athene: the Tireless, or Unwearying, referring to the Mind which she symbolises.

BkII155 BkV703 BkXXI383 The epithet used of her by Hera.

BkV84 BkX254 Diomedes prays to her, using the epithet.

Atymnius

See Mydon

Father of Mydon. Brother of Maris.

BkV519 Mentioned.

BkXVI257 Killed by Antilochus.

Augeiae in Laconia

A city in Laconia, south of modern Egies, northwest of Gythio.

BkII581 Mentioned.

Augeiae in Locris

A Locrian city.

BkII484 Mentioned.

Augeias, Augeas

A son of Phorbas and Hyrmine, and king of the Epeians in Elis, he is mentioned among the Argonauts, but is more celebrated for his connexion withHeracles, one of whose labours, imposed upon him by Eurystheus was to cleanse, in a day, the stables of Augeas, who kept in them a large number of oxen.

BkII581 Mentioned.

BkXI655 He stole the chariot and horses of Neleus.

Aulis

A city of Boeotia facing Euboea, Aulis is the location where the Greek fleet gathered under the leadership of Agamemnon to undertake the expedition against Troy, and where Agamemnon had to sacrifice his own daughter Iphigenia to the goddess Artemis to put an end to the lack of a favourable wind holding the fleet there (see Euripides’ Iphigeneia in Aulis).

BkII278 The Greeks gathered there before the war. Zeus, as a portent, sent a snake which devoured nine birds indicating the ten-year war.

BkII484 Mentioned, as sending a contingent to the war.

Autolycus

The grandfather of Odysseus. He was a master trickster and thief, son of Hermes and Chione, and father of Anticleia, Odysseus’ mother.

BkX254 He stole the helmet mentioned from Amyntor.

Automedon

A son of Diores, he was companion and charioteer to Achilles.

BkIX162 He assists Achilles in serving the ambassadors.

BkXVI101 He acts as charioteer to Patroclus.

BkXVI210 He prepares to fight alongside Patroclus.

BkXVI426 He cuts the dead trace horse from the chariot.

BkXVI684 He drives Patroclus’ chariot against the Trojans and Lycians.

BkXVI777 Hector tries to kill him but he retreats.

BkXVII384 He descends from the chariot to fight on foot.

BkXVII481 He kills Aretus.

BkXIX338 He acts as Achilles’ charioteer.

BkXXIII499 He fetches a gift for Eumelus from Achilles’ hut.

BkXXIV468 He is in Achilles’ hut when Priam is received there.

BkXXIV552 He assists Achilles with the preparation of Hector’s corpse.

BkXXIV621 He assists with preparing the meal.

Autonous

A leading Greek warrior.

BkXI299 Killed by Hector.

Autonous, a Trojan

A Trojan.

BkXVI684 He is killed by Patroclus.

Autophonus

The Theban father of Lycophontes.

BkIV326 Mentioned.

Axius

The River Axios had its sources in the mountains of Paeonia, flowing into the Aegean Sea near Pella the capital of Makedonia. The major neighbouring rivers were the Strymon to the east and Haliakmon in the south.

BkII811 BkXVI257 Mentioned.

BkXXI136 The river-god was the father of Pelegon.

Axylus

A wealthy Trojan from Arisbe.

BkVI1 He is killed by Diomedes.

Azeus

A son of Clymenus of Orchomenos, he was the father of Actor and grandfather of Astyoche. He went with his brothers, under the command of Erginus, the eldest, against Thebes, to take vengeance for the murder of his father, who had been slain by the Thebans at a festival of the Onchestian Poseidon.

BkII484 Mentioned.