Zama

Scipio defeated Hannibal at Zama (south-west of Carthage) in 202BC.

BkXIX:Chap14:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Zagarola, Madame

She was a member of the Roman nobility in 1828.

BkXXIX:Chap8:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Zanze

She was the daughter of Silvio Pellico’s gaoler, Brollo.

BkXXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.

BkXXXIX:Chap14:Sec1 Chateaubriand locates her in Venice in September 1833.

BkXL:Chap5:Sec1 BkXL:Chap6:Sec1 Her reaction to Pellico’s account of his imprisonment.

 

Zaragoza (Saragossa), Spain

In northeast Spain on the Ebro River northeast of Madrid, it is the leading city of Aragon. An important site under Roman rule, it was held by the Moors from 713 until 1118. It resisted heroically, under the leadership of Palafox, against the French siege in the Peninsular War. The city endured the first siege (1808), surrendering only after some 50,000 defenders had died in the second siege (1808–9).

BkXIX:Chap17:Sec1 Mentioned.

BkXX:Chap7:Sec2 The fall of the town 21st February 1809.

BkXX:Chap9:Sec2 Prisoners from there held at Grenoble in 1809.

 

Zditz (Zdice)

A town in the Czech Republic near Prague.

BkXXXVI:Chap12:Sec1 Chateaubriand there in May 1833.

 

Zea, Greece

The island of Ceos (then Zea, now Kea), is the most north-westerly of the larger Cyclades, south-east of Cape Sounion.  Its ancient capital was Ioulis, where Simonides was born. (Also the name of one of the two ancient harbours of Piraeus, now called Pasalimani. It contained the Athenian arsenal and the ship-sheds.)

BkXVIII:Chap1:Sec1 Chateaubriand touched at the island in 1806.

BkXVIII:Chap3Sec2 BkXVIII:Chap3Sec4 A letter dated from there.

 

Zeno, Reniero, Doge

d. 1268. Doge of Venice 1252-1268.

BkXXXIX:Chap17:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Zenobia

3rd century. The widow of Septimius Odenathus, she reigned as Queen of Palmyra from 267 to 272 as regent for her infant son Vaballathus. She embarked on a campaign of conquests that eventually saw her as the ruler of much of Syria and Asia Minor. The Roman emperor Aurelian led a military campaign that resulted in the conquest of her kingdom in 272. Zenobia was captured and paraded wearing gold chains in Aurelian’s Triumph (274). She was granted a villa in Tibur (now Tivoli, Italy), where she spent the rest of her life as a philosopher and socialite.

BkXXXIX:Chap19:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Zenon, Zeno of Citium

c 335-262BC (not to be confused with Zeno of Elias) was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which (along with its rival, Epicureanism) came to dominate the thinking of the Hellenistic world, and later, the Roman Empire, with elements of Stoic thought influencing early Christianity. He was born in Cyprus of Phoenician stock and moved to Athens in 313BC. He attended Plato’s Academy. None of his works have survived; all we know of him is contained in a few quotations and anecdotes in the works of his followers and critics. Most of these are collected in Book VII of Diogenes Laertius’ Lives of  Eminent Philosophers.

BkXII:Chap4:Sec3 The maxim is attributed to him by Diogenes Laertius and is quoted by Montaigne, Essais II:12

 

Zephyr, Brig

French brig of war.

BkXXIII:Chap1:Sec1 Encountered by Napoleon after leaving Elba.

 

Zeuxis

Late 5th century BC. A Greek painter born at Heracleia, he developed the art by use of perspective, shading and mixed colours. He specialized in mythology and noted trompe l’oeil effects.

BkXXXIX:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Zimmer, Colonel

A colleague of Dubourg.

BkXXXII:Chap6:Sec1 At the Hôtel de Ville on the 29th July 1830.

 

Znaïm (Znojmo)

A city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, near the border with Lower Austria.

BkXX:Chap10:Sec1 An armistice was concluded here in 1809 after the Battle of Wagram between Napoleon and the archduke Charles.

 

Zuccari (or Zuccaro), Taddeo

1529-1566. An Italian painter, he was one of the most popular members of the Roman Mannerist School. He is documented to have worked alongside Prospero Fontana in decorating the Villa Giulia, and also worked on the Villa Farnese at Caprarola.

BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Zulietta

A girl of light virtue mentioned in Rousseau’s Confessions.

BkXXXIX:Chap12:Sec1 BkXXXIX:Chap13:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Zürich

A city of northeast Switzerland at the northern tip of the Lake of Zurich, founded before Roman times, Zurich became a free imperial city after 1218 and joined the Swiss Confederation in 1351. In the 16th century it was a centre of the Swiss Reformation under the leadership of Ulrich Zwingli. The Second Battle of Zürich took place on 25-26 September 1799, breaking the stalemate that had resulted from First Battle of Zürich three months earlier to the advantage of the French. After he had been forced out of the city in June, Masséna had fortified his position. Korsakhov’s Russians took control of the city. Suvorov was also supposed to join forces, marching across the Gotthard pass, but did not reach Zürich in time, and the Russians and the Austrians were beaten back. The French victory led to the withdrawal of Russia from the Second Coalition.

BkXXII:Chap15:Sec1 Mentioned.

BkXXIV:Chap7:Sec1 Masséna’s victory there.

BkXXXV:Chap18:Sec1 Chateaubriand there in late August 1832. The River Limath flows through the city.

 

Zurla, Giacinto, Cardinal

1769-1834. A Historian and theologian he entered the Curia in 1821. A Cardinal from 1823, he supported Della Genga in that year’s Conclave. From 1824 he was Cardinal-Vicar of Rome.

BkXXX:Chap1:Sec2 An anti-Jesuit voter.

BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1 Supported as a Papal candidate by France.

BkXL:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned in 1833.

 

Zwodau (Svatava)

The village is on the Zwodau tributary of the Eger, about ten miles from Carlsbad.

BkXXXVIII:Chap5:Sec1 Chateaubriand there in May 1833.