L’Estoile,
1546-1611. A Chronicler, born in
BkV:Chap14:Sec1
Chateaubriand quotes from his Mémoires et
Journal de Pierre de l’Estoile concerning the
BkIX:Chap3:Sec2
Chateaubriand quotes from the Journal.
BkXXXII:Chap3:Sec1
BkXXXV:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand quotes him.
BkXXXIV:Chap1:Sec1
See the Journal.
BkXXXVI:Chap5:Sec1 He relates this tale from June 1595.
BkXXXVII:Chap14:Sec1 See the Journal for January 1595.
BkXXXIX:Chap15:Sec1 See the Journal.
BkXLI:Chap7:Sec1 The
lady, Sainte-Beuve, an ardent Leaguer is mentioned several times in the Journal.
c1505-1573. A French Statesman, he was Chancellor of France under
Catherine de Medici. He favoured the Edict of Romorantin (1560) which
deprived the secular courts of jurisdiction in cases involving religion, and
was responsible for edicts granting liberty of conscience (1561) and restricted
liberty of worship (1562). He withdrew from court during the first War of
Religion (1562–63) but returned to power and in 1566 was the author of
important judicial reforms. After the outbreak (1567) of the second War of
Religion he was forced out of office (1568) by Charles and Henri de Guise. In
his retirement he composed Latin poetry.
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec2
He imitated Horace in Book III of his Complete Works.
La
Baronnais, François-Pierre Collas (?), Monsieur de
b. c. 1726 Father of the Chevalier,
a former officer he was an inhabitant of Dinard. He married Renée de Kergu.
BkIX:Chap11:Sec1
His son the Chevalier died at Thionville.
Son of Monsieur.
BkIX:Chap11:Sec1
Killed at Thionville.
La
The region in northern France, located between the Seine and Loire rivers.
It now comprises the Eure-et-Loir département and parts of Loiret and Loir-et-Cher.
The region shared the history of the county of Chartres, which is its only
major city.
BkXXXV:Chap16:Sec1
Known for its wheatfields.
BkXXXV:Chap17:Sec1
Madame de Colbert’s house, Montboissier, there.
La
Bédoyére, Charles Angélique François Huchet, Comte de
1786-1815. He brought over to Napoleon the 7th Regiment of the Line,
during the Hundred Days, and enabled the successful march on
BkXXIII:Chap18:Sec2
His speech in the Chamber of Peers in June.
La
Belinaye, Renée, Mademoiselle de
1728-1816. Aunt of the Comtesse de Trojolif,
she was born and died in Fougères. She
was also the aunt of the Marquis de La Rouërie.
BkIV:Chap10:Sec3
Mentioned.
La
Besnardière, Jean-Baptiste de Gouey, Comte de
1765-1843. A section head in the Foreign
Ministry from 1795 to 1819, he collaborated closely with Talleyrand and accompanied him to the Congress of
Vienna. He was given a title on his return.
BkXXIII:Chap11:Sec2 At the Congress of
The son of Monsieur Launay, he was a
childhood friend of Chateaubriand.
BkII:Chap2:Sec2
Mentioned.
La
Billardière, Monsieur Launay de
A tobacco bonder, he lived at Combourg.
BkII:Chap2:Sec2
Mentioned.
La
Bletterie, Jean-Philippe-René, Abbé de
1696-1772. A professor of the Collège de
France, he left a Life of Julian (1735) and a translation of Tacitus (1755-1768).
BkXXXVIII:Chap8:Sec1 His imitation of an epigram of Julian’s.
La
Bouëtardais, Marie-Annibal-Joseph de Bedée, Comte de
La
Bouillerie, François Roullet, Baron de
1764-1833. Former Deputy for the
BkXXIX:Chap14:Sec1
Chateaubriand had asked him to augment the pension which Charles X had granted Thierry.
La
Bourdonnais, François Mahé de
1699-1753. A member of the nobility of Saint-Malo, La Bourdonnais was born
in the city in 1699. Lieutenant in the East Indies Company in 1718, he took
part in the capture of the main islands of the
BkI:Chap4:Sec5
Born in Saint-Malo.
BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Bourdonnaye, François-Régis, Comte de
1767-1839. Fought with the Chouans
in the Vendée, and was an ultra-right wing member (leader of the White Jacobins) of the Chambre introuvable from 1815. Interior
Minister under Polignac in 1829,
he was quickly dismissed for extremism. He lost his position as Minister of
State and Charles X private advisor in the July Revolution.
BkXXVIII:Chap16:Sec1
A possible Chief Minister in 1827.
BkXXXI:Chap5:Sec1
Interior Minister in 1829.
La
Bourdonnaye-Montluc, Chevalier de, of the Order of Malta
BkI:Chap1:Sec5.
He is mentioned as assisting in the granting of Chateaubriand’s application to
enrol in the order of Malta.
La
Briche,
1755-1844. Married Alexis La Live de La
Briche, youngest son of the financier La Live de Bellegarde. Widowed at thirty,
her only daughter married Mathieu Molé in 1798.
BkXIV:Chap1:Sec1 She inherited Le Marais, near Saint-Chéron,
forty kilometres south-west of
La
Chalotais, Louis-René de Caradeuc de
1701-1785. A French magistrate
(Advocate-General of the Breton Parlement
in 1730-1752, Attorney-General in 1752) who led the Parlement (high court of justice) in a protracted legal battle
against the authority of the government of King Louis XV
particularly with the Duke of Pivot, who was Governor of Brittany
and the King's representative, concerning the influence and fate of the Jesuit
order. This led him to be seen as the head of the parliamentary opposition, and
in 1765 he was imprisoned by Louis XV and later exiled. He was restored by
Louis XVI in 1775. The struggle resulted in the
purging and suspensions (1771–74) of the Parlements.
BkI:Chap3:Sec2
The affair involved Chateaubriand’s maternal relatives. His aunt and his cousin
Moreau rashly having made false accusations were obliged to make a public
retraction, and paid a heavy fine.
BkI:Chap4:Sec4
He wrote his Memoirs (published 1767) while imprisoned in the Château of Saint-Malo.
La
The Chartreuse mountain range is close to
BkXVII:Chap5:Sec1
Voreppe is a town between
Built for the French fleet in
1801, the 36 ton Frigate Chiffone Captain Pierre Guiyesse captured (June 1801)
the British Bellona on her way to
BkXXIV:Chap10:Sec1
On
La
Conchée,
Following plans designed by Vauban,
engineer Siméon de Garangeau (1647-1741) extended the town, revamped its
fortifications and built sea forts on the small islands off the city, Petit Bé,
Grand Bé and
BkI:Chap3:Sec4
Mentioned.
La
Fare, Anne-Louis-Henri, Cardinal de
1752-1829. Archbishop of Sens from 1817,
created Duke in 1822, a Cradinal from 1823. He died on
BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1 He arrives at the Conclave of 1829.
La
Fayette, Georges-Washington de Motier de
1779-1849 The son of the Marquis, after a military career he retired in 1807,
then after 1815 pursued a political career. He accompanied his father to
BkXLII:Chap3:Sec1 Mentioned.
La
Fayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Ives-Roch-Gilbert de Motier, Marquis de
1757-1834. General and Politician, he was prominent at the start of the
Revolution. His early career was distinguished by military success against the
British in American Revolution (1777-1779, 1780-1782). As a representative of
the States-General he presented the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
In 1792 the rising power of the radicals threatened him, and he went to
BkV:Chap9:Sec1
Appointed to lead the citizens’ militia which became the National Guard, after
the fall of the Bastille in July 1789.
BkV:Chap15:Sec3
BkXXXIII:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkIX:Chap3:Sec1
Burnt in effigy for condemning the attack on the Tuileries.
BkIX:Chap5:Sec1
His efforts during the American War of Independence.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec2
A native of the
BkXIX:Chap3:Sec1 His noble birth.
BkXIX:Chap6:Sec1
He presented Paoli to Louis XVI.
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec2 BkXXII:Chap15:Sec3 Used the common linguistic style of the age, as a defender of freedom.
BkXXIII:Chap3:Sec1
In
BkXXIII:Chap18:Sec1
His speech to the House of Representatives after Waterloo.
BkXXIII:Chap18:Sec2
Accused by Napoleon of conspiring against him in 1815.
BkXXVIII:Chap13:Sec1
He responds to Chateaubriand’s article.
BkXXXI:Chap8:Sec1 BkXXXII:Chap6:Sec1 Mooted
as a member of a Provisional Government in July 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap4:Sec1
His arrest ordered but not carried out on
BkXXXII:Chap5:Sec1
Receives a students delegation on
BkXXXII:Chap11:Sec1
Proposed as President of a Republic in July 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap14:Sec1
He refused the Presidency on the morning of
BkXXXIII:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXXIV:Chap13:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXXIII:Chap6:Sec1
Louis-Philippe’s dominance over him.
BkXXXV:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned in April 1832.
BkXLII:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s description of his life and politics. He received a triumphant
welcome in
BkXLII:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Fayette, Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Madame de
1634-1693. A French writer, she married in 1651 the Chevalier de Sévigné, and thus became connected with Mme de Sévigné, who was destined to be a lifelong friend. Her first novel, La Princesse de Montpensier, was published anonymously in 1662; Zayde appeared in 1670 under the name of J. de Segrais; and in 1678 her masterpiece, La Princesse de Cleves, also under the name of Segrais.
BkXIII:Chap1:Sec1
A friend of La Rochefoucauld.
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1
Her charming talent.
La
Fayette, Marie-Adrienne-Françoise de Noailles, Marquise de
1759-1807. The daughter of Jean-Louis-Paul-François, Duc d’Ayen and
Duc de Noailles, she lost her mother and sister to the guillotine and barely
escaped execution herself (1794). After a failed attempt to have her husband
(they married in 1774) released from an Austrian prison, she shared his prison
cell in Olmuts (1795-97). They had four children: Henriette, Anastasie,
Virginie, and George Washington.
BkXLII:Chap3:Sec1 Mentioned.
La
Feronnays, Pierre-Louis-Auguste Ferron, Comte de
1777-1842. A soldier then diplomat, he was the Ambassador to
BkI:Chap4:Sec5 A
native of Saint-Malo.
BkXXVII:Chap10:Sec1 A plenipotentiary with Chateaubriand at the Congress of Verona.
BkXXVIII:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand writes to him in
BkXXVIII:Chap16:Sec1
BkXXIX:Chap12:Sec1
Foreign Minister in 1828, a friend of Chateaubriand.
BkXXIX:Chap11:Sec1
Informs Chateaubriand of the surrender of Varna
in September 1829. He had been obliged to take a few weeks leave due to
illness, and rumours had spread of his resignation.
BkXXIX:Chap16:Sec1
Went to
BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap5:Sec1 Chateaubriand
reports him cured of his illness in March 1829.
BkXXXI:Chap1:Sec1
Mentioned as unable to fulfil a Ministerial role any longer.
BkXXXI:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXL:Chap4:Sec1 Sent to Prague by the Duchess de Berry in 1833.
BkXLI:Chap1:Sec1 In Udine in 1833. He was brother-in-law to Blacas.
Sunk by the English near the
BkXXIV:Chap10:Sec1
Used to transport Republican exiles to the
1621-1695. Author of the Fables
(1688-1694) sophisticated verse treatments of traditional fables from the collections
of Aesop, Phaedrus and others. His many other works include his bawdy verse
tales (Contes, 1664) which he
supposedly repudiated after his religious conversion in 1692.
BkI:Chap5:Sec3
Chateaubriand, perhaps unconsciously, quotes the first verse of La Fontaine’s
fable ‘The Acorn and the Pumpkin’ (Fables
IX.4)
BkII:Chap7:Sec3
Chateaubriand quotes from ‘The Monkey and the Cat’ (Fables IX.16)
BkVIII:Chap7:Sec1
Chateaubriand quotes the last line of Vieillard
et les trois jeunes hommes (Fables
XI.8)
BkIX:Chap1:Sec1
BkXLII:Chap7:Sec1
Chateaubriand quotes from La Cigale et la Fourmi (The Cicada and the Ant, Fables I.1), with himself as the singing
Cicada in the first instance and George Sand in the second.
BkX:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand refers to Le Chat, la
Belette et le petit Lapin (Fables,
VII.16)
BkXII:Chap1:Sec1 BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXII:Chap3:Sec1
His work ignored by the English in 1822.
BkXIII:Chap1:Sec1
A reference to ‘Discours á M. le duc de
Rochefoucauld’ Fables X:14.
BkXX:Chap5:Sec3 A reference to Fables III:4.
BkXXV:Chap13:Sec1 A reference to Fables VII:9, ‘The Coach and the Fly’, where the Fly goads the horses up the hill, considers it has done all the work, and asks for payment.
BkXXVII:Chap3:Sec2 A malicious reference to ‘The Two Cockerels’, Fables VII:14, line 3)
BkXXXIV:Chap13:Sec1
A reference to La Fontaine’s, Fables VII:12
BkXXXV:Chap13:Sec1
The reference is to ‘The Cockerel and the
BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1
See La Matrone d’Éphèse: 149-150
BkXXXVI:Chap7:Sec1
See Fables XI:7 lines 11-13, Le Paysan de Danube.
BkXXXVI:Chap10:Sec1
See Fables X:1 line 52, L’Homme et la Couleuvre.
BkXXXVI:Chap11:Sec1
See Fables VI:18 Le Charretier Embourbé. The
Carter Stuck in the Mud. Set in Quimper-Corentin in
BkXXXVII:Chap3:Sec1 See Fables VII:3 line 10 Le Rat qui s’est retiré du monde.
BkXXXVIII:Chap2:Sec1
See Fables VIII:9 line 7 The Rat and the Oyster.
BkXXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1
The reference is to an anecdote of Racine’s
in which La Fontaine arrived at Châlons to
see his wife who was at prayer and so he left without seeing her.
BkXXXIX:Chap18:Sec1
See Fables, the Fox and the Crow.
BkXLI:Chap1:Sec1 ‘autre injure des ans’ is from Philemon et Baucis: 66, the sense is
‘another victim of time’s injuries’.
La
Force, Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, Marshal de
1558-1652. He was a marshal
and peer of
BkXXXVIII:Chap9:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Valet de Chambre to the Chateaubriand family.
BkI:Chap5:Sec2
Mentioned.
Minister under Louis XVI in 1789.
BkV:Chap8:Sec1
Appointed Comptroller-General in 1789.
La
A fishing port, now a quarter of Tunis.
Charles Quint built a fortress there
in 1537.
BkXVIII:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in 1807.
La Guiche, Philibert de,
Seigneur de La Guiche et de Chaumont
d. 1607 Grand-Master of the French Artillery (1578).
BkI:Chap4:Sec4
Mentioned.
La Harpe, Jean-François de
1739-1803. Literary critic. Friend of Madame Récamier.
A farm on the field of Waterloo, it was defended by the Allies.
BkXXIII:Chap17:Sec1 Mentioned.
Lahire, Ogier, Hector and Lancelot were
conventional names for the jacks in a pack of cards in
BkXXXVII:Chap5:Sec1 Mentioned.
La
Hoguette,
A sand mound surmounted by a gibbet in Chateaubriand’s day.
BkI:Chap3:Sec4
Mentioned.
La
Hontan or Lahontan, Louis-Armand de Lom d’Arce, Baron de
1666-1715. French soldier and writer who explored parts of what are now
BkVII:Chap10:Sec1 His description of the Canadian Indians.
La
Laurencie, Chevalier de, of the Order of Malta
BkI:Chap1:Sec5.
Mentioned as assisting in the granting of Chateaubriand’s application to enrol
in the order of Malta.
La
Luzerne, Anne-César, Comte de
1741-1791. Diplomat. French Minister to the
BkII:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Luzerne, César-Guillaume, Duc et Cardinal de
1738-1821. Brother of Anne-César, he was
Bishop of Langres from 1770. Deputy to the States-General, he emigrated in 1791
to
BkXXV:Chap9:Sec1
Wrote an article for the Conservateur.
La
Luzerne, César-Henri, Comte de
1737-1799. Older brother of Anne-César.
Governor-General of San-Dominguo 1786-1787. Minister of the Navy 1788-1789.
Died during the Emigration.
BkV:Chap8:Sec1
Dismissed by Louis XVI in 1789.
La Luzerne, César-Guillaume, Vicomte then
Comte de
Son of César-Henri. Brother in law
of Madame de Beaumont from 1787.
BkXV:Chap4:Sec1
Chateaubriand confuses him with his uncle Anne-César.
BkXV:Chap6:Sec1 Recipient
of Chateaubriand’s description of Madame de Beaumont’s last days.
1763-1827. Former Captain of Dragoons, a printer in
BkXIV:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
1778-1787 He was the beloved illegitimate son of Frederick-William II of
BkXXVI:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned in Mirabeau’s Secret History.
La
Martinière, Antoine Bruzeu de
1673-1749. He published a Grand
Dictionnaire géographique et critique (1726-1730) and was the nephew of
Richard Simon.
BkIV:Chap10:Sec2
Mentioned.
Officer in the
BkIV:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand encountered him at Cambrai
in 1786. He describes courting on his behalf (a scene reminiscent of Cyrano
only in reverse!).
BkIV:Chap10:Sec2
Chateaubriand found him again at Dieppe in
1789 (or perhaps 1787).
BkIX:Chap9:Sec1
In the émigré army in 1792.
1709-1751. Born 25th of December, 1709. He studied natural philosophy
then medicine and wrote widely on medical and philosophical matters. He moved
to
BkI:Chap4:Sec5
Born in Saint-Malo.
La
Morandais, François-Placide Maillard de
Steward of Combourg.
BkII:Chap3:Sec2
BkII:Chap3:Sec3 Takes
Chateaubriand on a trip to Saint-Malo.
La
Motte-Picquet, Toussaint-Guillaume
1720-1791. Commander of a squadron in 1778, he took part in the battle
of
La
Noue, François de, called Bras de Fer
1531-1591. French Protestant general in the Wars of Religion. He
fought at Jarnac (1569) and Moncontour (1569). In 1570 he lost his left arm in
battle and had it replaced with an iron hook, whence he became known as Bras-de-fer
(iron-arm), as well as the Huguenot Bayard. He took
part in the
BkX:Chap1:Sec1 Captured by
La
Noue, Monsieur de, see Cordellier
La
Pérouse, Jean-François de Galaup, Comte de
1741-1788. The French explorer
and naval officer who mapped the west coast of
Preface:Sect1
Chateaubriand mentions meeting him.
BkII:Chap8:Sec3
Chateaubriand saw him at Brest in 1783.
BkVI:Chap2:Sec1
BkIX:Chap9:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXV:Chap2:Sec1 His road
being the road of death.
La
Placelière, Mademoiselle de, see Lavigne
La Porte, Monsieur de, see Laporte
Minister under Louis XVI in 1789.
Laqueuille,
Marquis de
1742-1810. Resigned as Deputy to organise the émigré Compagnie des gentilhommes auvergnats.
BkIX:Chap1:Sec1
Declared a traitor in December 1791.
1753-1824. A member of the Directory, he invented a new religion of
Theo-philanthropy.
BkXXXII:Chap9:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Rochefoucauld, Ambroise-Polycarpe de, Duc de Doudeauville
1765-1841. An émigré, he returned to live quietly on his estate at
Montmirail. Made a Peer of France in 1815, he was named Director of the Postal
Services (1822), then in 1824 Minister of the King’s Household.
BkXXVIII:Chap15:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXVIII:Chap16:Sec1
Opposes Villèle over the disbanding of the
National Guard in April 1827.
BkXXVIII:Chap21:Sec1
He and his son Sosthènes who had
married Montmorency’s only
daughter, lived at Montmirail.
BkXLII:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Rochefoucauld, François VI, Duc de
1613-1680. A French writer, who as head of
an ancient family (in his youth he bore the title prince de Marcillac) opposed Richelieu and was later active in
both Frondes. Wounded and disheartened, he made his peace (1652) and retired to
his estates in
BkXIII:Chap1:Sec1
Loved by Madame de Longueville, he was also a friend
of Madame de La Fayette, and Madame de Sévigné.
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1
His attempt to harm the Cardinal de Retz.
La
Rochefoucauld, Sosthènes de
1785-1864. Son of Ambroise, Duke
of Doudeauville, son-in-law of Mathieu de Montmorency, he was charged with
the department of the fine arts, in the ministry of Charles X’s household until the end
of the Restoration. He was thus in control of the museums, royal manufactures,
the Conservatory and the five royal theatres: the Opera, the François, the
Odeon, the Opera-Comique, and the Italiens. He became Duc de Doudeaville.
BkXXII:Chap
23:Sec1 An avowed Royalist, he was in 1814 aide-de-camp to General
Dessoles.
La
Rochejacquelein, Henri du Vergier, Comte de
1772-1794. A French commander, he was leader
of the counter-revolutionary army in the Vendée. His legendary
gallantry and tactical abilities were of little avail against superior Republican
armies. He was killed in battle at Nouaillé.
BkV:Chap15:Sec3
BkXI:Chap3:Sec2 BkXXXV:Chap3:Sec1 Mentioned.
La
Rochejacquelein, Auguste du Vergier, Comte
1783-1868. Younger brother of Henri,
he served with Napoleon then fought in the Vendée on behalf of the Duchesse de Berry, for which he was condemned to death
but later acquitted.
BkXXXIII:Chap1:Sec1
At Versailles on
A seaport on the Atlantic Ocean, it is the capital of the Charente-Maritime
département. The city is connected to the Île de Ré by a bridge,
completed in 1988. Its harbour opens into a protected strait, the Pertuis d’Antioche.
A 10th century foundation it became a Huguenot stronghold reduced by Cardinal Richelieu, and later a centre of
the triangular trade.
BkXXIV:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Romana, Pedro Caro y Sureda, 3rd Marquis of
1761-1811. A Spanish officer he fought in the American Revolutionary
War. King Charles
IV, bullied and pressured by Napoleon, agreed in 1807 to provide a division
to bolster the French army in Germany. La Romana was made commander of this ‘Division
of the North’ and spent 1807 and 1808 performing garrison duties in Hamburg and
later Denmark under Marshal Bernadotte.
When the Peninsular War broke out, La Romana made plans to repatriate his men
to Spain. That 9,000 men of the 14,000-strong division were able to board British
ships on August 27 and escape to Spain was chiefly due to his subterfuge and
organizational skills. La Romana drove the French from Asturias. In 1809, he
was appointed to the Central Junta and served until 1810. He then returned to
military operations under Wellington but died suddenly on January 23, 1811
without again seeing major action.
BkXX:Chap7:Sec2
Mentioned.
La
Rouërie, see Rouërie,
Marquis de La
La
Sablière, Marguerite née Hessein, de
1640-1693. The wife of Antoine Rambouillet, Sieur de la Sablière
(1624-1679), a Protestant financier entrusted with the administration of the
royal estates, her salon became a meeting-place for poets, scientists, men of
letters, and courtiers of Louis XIV. About 1673 Madame de la Sablière received
into her house La
Fontaine, whom she sponsored for twenty years.
BkXXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
La
Somaglia, Giulio Maria, Cardinal
1744-1830. Created a Cardinal in 1795, he was expelled from
BkXXX:Chap1:Sec1
BkXXX:Chap3:Sec1 Mentioned.
La
Suze, Louis-François Chamillard, Marquis de
1751-1833. He was Maréchal des Logis to Louis
XVIII.
BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Tour-Maubourg, Marie-Victor-Nicolas de Fay, Marquis de
1768-1850. He was made a Peer under the Restoration, Ambassador to
BkXXI:Chap6:Sec1
Commanded the cavalry at Smolensk in
retreat in 1812.
BkXXXII:Chap3:Sec1
At the Invalides during the July Revolution.
BkXXXVI:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned as a supporter of the Duchess de Berry.
BkXXXIX:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXLI:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned as a possible member of Charles X’s Chateaubriand-led government in
1833!
La
Vallière, Louise Françoise de la Blaume Le Blanc, de
1644-1710. She was the mistress of King Louis XIV
of
BkIV:Chap2:Sec2
Her final vows, and Bossuet’s sermon.
BkIV:Chap9:Sec2
BkXXXIV:Chap12:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec2 Madame de Vintimille might have lived in her company.
BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned.
La
Vauguyon, Paul-François de Quelen, Duc de
1746-1818. He was a Minister under Louis XVI.
BkV:Chap8:Sec1
Replaced Montmorin as Minister
for Foreign Affairs in 1789.
1663-1738. A missionary in the
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec2
Described.
1526-1566. A poetess, she was born into a prosperous family of
rope-makers. In 1555 Euvres de Louize
BkXVII:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXLII:Chap6:Sec1
Quoted.
Laborde,
Comte Alexandre-Louis-Joseph de
1773-1842. He was a scholar,
writer, Deputy for the
BkXVIII:Chap5:Sec1 Attaché in
BkXX:Chap10:Sec1 In the matter of the marriage of Marie Louise he was the secret agent between Napoleon’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Prince of Schwarzenberg.
BkXXII:Chap11:Sec1
Attaché to the National Guard in 1814.
BkXXII:Chap12:Sec1
Sent to meet Schwarzenberg in 1814.
BkXXXII:Chap1:Sec1
Mentioned in 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap8:Sec1
Named as Prefect of the
Laborie,
Antoine-Athanase Roux de
1769-1842. A Friend of the Bertin
brothers, he was a shareholder in the Journal
of Debates. Employed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs under Talleyrand’s protection, he was
accused by Fouché of leaking
confidential information. He had to hide to escape the police and fled
BkXIII:Chap8:Sec1
At Savigny in 1801.
BkXXII:Chap11:Sec1
Became Private Secretary to the Provisional Government in 1814.
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1
At Ghent in 1815.
BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec1
General Lamothe was his brother-in-law.
He was the son of Antoine.
BkXLII:Chap4:Sec1 His
duel with Carrel on
Labrador,
Pedro Gomez Havela, Marquis de
1775-1850. Spanish Ambassador in
BkXXIX:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXX:Chap1:Sec2 Mentioned.
Lacépède,
Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte
1756-1825. A French
naturalist, he won the favour of Buffon,
who secured him a position at the Jardin du Roi (later the Jardin des Plantes).
His best-known works deal with the oviparous quadrupeds, reptiles, fishes, and
whales; they are frequently printed with Buffon’s works, which they supplement.
Lacépède was active in politics and was exiled during the Reign of Terror.
After his return he gave up scientific work for a political career and held
several state offices. Napoleon appointed him Grand Chancellor.
BkXXI:Chap8:Sec1
Quoted.
BkXXII:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
Laclos,
Pierre-Ambroise-François Choderlos de
1741-1803. His father was a government official who was ennobled but
without a title. Laclos joined the army and with the end of the Seven Years War
in 1763, was transferred to north-eastern
BkV:Chap14:Sec1
Mentioned as involved in the amusements at Monceaux.
1766-1855. Lacretelle the younger was
journalist then historian, and wrote the first great History of the Revolution
(1821-26). He was proscribed after Vendémiaire, and imprisoned after Fructidor.
He published an account of his tribulations.
BkXIX:Chap11:Sec1 His courage.
BkXXXI:Chap4:Sec1 He writes to
Chateaubriand in 1829.
1751-1824. A French politician and writer, he practised as a barrister
in
BkII:Chap3:Sec2
Mentioned as a lawyer.
A student of the École Polytechnique in 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap5:Sec1
Involved in the fighting of
Ladvocat,
Pierre-François, known as Charles
1785-1854. A well-known
BkXXVIII:Chap9:Sec1
Chateaubriand sold him the rights to his complete works, for 550,000 francs, in
March 1826. Thirty volumes duly appeared between June and December 1826 (others
through to 1832). With Ladvocat in financial difficulties Chateaubriand agreed
to a reduction, to 350,000 francs, in February 1827. In November 1828, Ladvocat
sold the rights to Pourrat and Delandine for only 10,000 francs. Chateaubriand presumably
lost about 200,000 francs on the original deal.
1593-1673. A Jesuit missionary, he died at
BkVII:Chap8:Sec2
Mentioned.
1600-? A Liège mathematician and astrologer
under whose name an almanac of prophecies and predictions was produced from
1626.
BkXXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1
The almanac.
Laertes, the son of Arcesius, was the king of
BkXXXVI:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
Lafitau
or Laffiteau, Joseph-François, Le Père
1681-1746. A Jesuit missionary and writer, he entered the Society in
1696, and the general, Tamburini, yielding to his entreaties, sent him to
BkVII:Chap10:Sec1
His description of the Canadian Indians.
A French officer who worked with Lazare Carnot.
BkXIX:Chap12:Sec2 Mentioned.
1767-1844. A French banker and politician, he became a partner in a
Perregaux banking house in 1800 and head of the firm in 1804. As governor of
the Bank of France (1814–19), he raised large sums of money for the provisional
government in 1814 and for Louis XVIII during the Hundred Days. He saved
BkXXVIII:Chap16:Sec1 Joint leader of the left-wing opposition in
1827.
BkXXXII:Chap4:Sec1 His arrest ordered but not carried out on
BkXXXII:Chap5:Sec1 Receives a students’ delegation on
BkXXXII:Chap6:Sec1 BkXXXII:Chap8:Sec1 Hosts a meeting of Deputies, and is appointed
a member of the Municipal Commission on
BkXXXII:Chap11:Sec1 BkXXXII:Chap14:Sec1 A supporter of Louis-Philippe in July 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap15:Sec1 At the Hôtel de Ville on the 31st of July.
He was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 3rd August.
BkXXXIII:Chap5:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXXV:Chap9:Sec1 BkXXXVII:Chap3:Sec1
He advanced Chateaubriand money in 1832.
1759-1832. A novelist, descended from French refugees, and pastor at
BkXXXVI:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
Laforest,
Antoine-René, Comte de
1756-1846. Career diplomat and protégé of Talleyrand, he participated in the
Congress of Luneville, then represented
BkXVI:Chap6:Sec1
BkXVI:Chap9:Sec1 Mentioned.
Lagarde,
Pierre-François-Denis de
1769-? A former functionary in the Foreign
Office, and Director of Censorship, he was the Commissioner-General of Police
in
BkXXXIX:Chap5:Sec1 Mentioned.
He was an adjutant at the
BkXXII:Chap2:Sec1
He carried communications between Napoleon and the Pope.
1736-1813. He was a French mathematician and
astronomer, of French and Italian descent. Before the age of 20 he was
professor of geometry at the royal artillery school at
BkXIII:Chap11:Sec2
His capitulation to Napoleon.
BkXXII:Chap3:Sec1
His death in 1813.
1739-1803. Poet, essayist and member of the Academy, he was already
famous by the start of the Revolution, and supported it until he was arrested
in 1794. After Thermidor, he was a leader of the anti-Jacobin reaction.
BkIV:Chap11:Sec1
BkIV:Chap12:Sec3 BkIV:Chap12:Sec4
BkV:Chap14:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkV:Chap15:Sec2
Argued with Chateaubriand over his politics.
BkIX:Chap6:Sec2
His reaction to the invasion of the Tuileries
in 1792.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand sent him a copy of the Essai.
BkXI:Chap3:Sec1
He reviewed Fontanes first verse
favourably.
BkXI:Chap3:Sec1
He co-founded the Mémorial journal.
BkXII:Chap5:Sec1
Chateaubriand quotes from Le Triomphe de
la religion chrétienne, ou le Roi martyr.
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec2 Celebrated Madame de Vintimille and Madame de Fezensac.
BkXIV:Chap1:Sec1 Converted in prison by Madame de Clermont-Tonnerre.
BkXIV:Chap3:Sec1
His death in February 1803. He had previously published Du Fanatisme dans la langue révolutionnaire. His poem on the
Revolution was Le Triomphe (Published
posthumously by Migneret in 1814): Chateaubriand quotes from Book XII, chapter
V. He remarried at 68, with a Mademoiselle de Hatte-Longuerue, much younger than
himself, but swiftly divorced in 1797.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec2
Buried in the Vaugirard cemetery.
BkXIX:Chap11:Sec1
His pamphlets in 1795.
1767-1835. Politician and magistrate, he was a Member of the
Legislature under the Empire and of the Chamber of Deputies after the
Restoration, chairing the latter 1814-16. Minister of the Interior 1816-18. He
was a Member of the Chamber of Peers and of the Academy.
BkXV:Chap7:Sec2
Regarded by Bonaparte as an agent of
BkXXII:Chap7:Sec1 Presided over the Legislature.
BkXXII:Chap
24:Sec1 BkXXIII:Chap3:Sec1
President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1814-15. His agreement with
Chateaubriand in 1815.
BkXXV:Chap6:Sec1
Buys a ticket in the lottery sale of Chateaubriand’s property in 1817.
BkXXV:Chap13:Sec1
Chateaubriand wishes to see him in government and works on his behalf in 1820.
BkXXVIII:Chap9:Sec1
BkXXXV:Chap24:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXXVIII:Chap4:Sec1
Chateaubriand recommends him to the Dauphine.
4th
century BC.
A legendary hetaera or courtesan of ancient
BkXLII:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
1757-1837. Minister of War from June 1792-August 1793, he emigrated to
BkXIX:Chap6:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s text is in error here.
BkXIX:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
She was a mistress of Horace,
addressed in his Odes.
BkXXXVIII:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
Lalande,
Joseph Jérôme Lefrançais de
1732-1807. A French
astronomer, who under the direction of the
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec3 BkXXIX:Chap9:Sec1 His
Voyage d'un français en Italie (1769) is a valuable and detailed record
of his travels in 1765–1766.
Lally-Tolendal,
Thomas-Arthur O’Mullally, Baron de
1702-1766. Last Governor of the
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1
His trial mentioned.
Lally-Tolendal,
Trophime-Gérard, Marquis de
1751-1830. Son of Thomas, he obtained
the rehabilitation of his father’s name in 1778, his father having been
condemned to death in 1766 for high treason. He emigrated in 1790, returning in
1792 to assist in vain in the King’s escape.
BkV:Chap9:Sec1
He was one of those who met and harangued the King at the Hôtel de Ville on
BkXVII:Chap1:Sec1 Occupied the house at 31 Rue Mirosmesnil, after Chateaubriand.
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1
A Minister without Portfolio in Ghent during
the Hundred Days. His muse was the fervently royalist wife of the physician Charles, she later inspiring Lamartine.
BkXXV:Chap2:Sec1
Named a Peer at the same time as Chateaubriand in 1815, he supported a liberal
government.
BkXXVIII:Chap14:Sec1
On
The Dalai Lama is the temporal and spiritual head of the
BkVIII:Chap5:Sec1
His entomologists.
Lamarque,
Jean-Maximilien, General
1770-1832. Commander during the Napoleonic Wars who later became a member
of French Parliament. He was a noted military patriot and orator. As an
opponent of the Ancien Régime, he is known for his active suppression of
Royalist and Legitimist activity. His death was also the catalyst of a Parisian
uprising in June of 1832.
BkXXXV:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned in April 1832.
BkXXXV:Chap2:Sec1
His death from cholera led to an insurrection at his funeral on
Lamartine,
Alphonse Louis Marie de Prat, de
1790-1869. He was a French poet, novelist, and
statesman. After a trip to
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec2
The reference is to an intervention of his in the Chamber of Deputies on
BkXXV:Chap12:Sec1
The phrase used of the infant Duc de Bordeaux
derives from Lamartine’s Ode on the Birth
of the Duke of Bordeaux (written in
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec2
Mentioned.
BkXXXI:Chap4:Sec1
Lamartine was elected to the Academy on
The old market town of Lambach lies in the Alpine foreland 15 miles north of the Traunsee and 6 miles southwest of the town of Wels, on the left bank of the River Traun at the spot where, having flowed down from the Salzkammergut, it turns eastward.
BkXLI:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in 1833.
A commercial town in
BkI:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
Lamballe,
Marie Thérèse Louise de Savoie-Carignan, Princesse de
1749-92.
Devoted friend and favourite of Queen Marie Antoinette of
BkXIV:Chap8:Sec1
Imprisoned in La Force.
Lambesc,
Charles-Eugène-Henri de Lorraine, Duc de Brionne, Prince de
1751-1825. Colonel of the Royal-Allemand Regiment. He fought in the
army of the Bourbons, and later in the service of
BkV:Chap8:Sec2
His action at the Tuileries on
Lambruschini,
Luigi, Monsignor
1766-1854. Archbishop of
BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap6:Sec1 He was involved in intrigue in 1829.
Lamennais,
Abbé Félicité Robert de
1782-1854. In 1816, his Essay on indifference in matters of religion
achieved a remarkable success. An ultramontane and one who denounced the
secular despotism of Napoleon, he dared
to criticise the Charter and to advocate the restoration of absolutism to bring
about the reign of God and the freedom of the peoples on earth. A virulent
polemicist, he lost no opportunity to stigmatise with bitter zeal the
concessions made by the royal government and the cowardice of those clergy and
bishops who were Cartesians, Gallicans and supporters of the Concordat.
Eventually condemned by the Pope, he renounced formal religious convictions,
and effectively died an apostate.
BkI:Chap4:Sec5 A
native of Saint-Malo.
BkXX:Chap12:Sec1 From a Hymn to
BkXXV:Chap9:Sec1 He collaborated with Chateaubriand on the Conservateur, in 1818.
BkXLII:Chap15:Sec1 He was fined and imprisoned for a year in December 1840 for his pamphlet Le Pays et le Gouvernement. Chateaubriand quotes from his pamphlet published in Septembver 1841, and written in gaol.
Lameth,
Alexandre Théodore Victor, Comte de
1760-1829. A French soldier and politician, he served
in the American War of Independence under Rochambeau, and in 1789 was a deputy
to the States-General. In the Constituent Assembly he formed with Barnave
and Adrien Duport a ‘Triumvirate’, which controlled the advanced left of the
Assembly. He presented a famous report on the organization of the army, but is
better known for his speech on February 28, 1791, at the Jacobin Club, against Honoré
Mirabeau, whose relations with the
court were suspect, and who was a personal enemy. However, after the flight to Varennes,
Lameth became reconciled with the court. He served in the army but was accused
of treason in 1792, fled the country, and was imprisoned by the Austrians.
After his release he went into business with his brother Charles at Hamburg and did not return to France until
the Consulate. Under the Empire he was made prefect successively in several
departments, and in 1810 was created a baron. In 1814 he attached himself to
the Bourbons, and under the Restoration was appointed prefect of Somme, deputy
for Seine-Inférieure and finally deputy for Seine-et-Oise, in which capacity he
was a leader of the Liberal opposition. He was the author of an important
History of the Constituent Assembly (1828-1829).
BkXXIII:Chap18:Sec2
Speaking in the Chamber of Peers in June 1815.
Lameth,
Charles Malo François, de
1757-1832. A French
politician and soldier, he was in the retinue of the Comte d'Artois (future
King Charles X), and became an
officer in a cuirassier regiment. He served in the American War of
Independence, and was a deputy to the Estates-General of 1789. As the Assembly
began to divide into factions, Lameth, a constitutional monarchist, was
identified with the Feuillants. When
the French Revolution became a Republic, he emigrated. He returned to France
under the Consulate, and was appointed governor of Würzburg under the First
Empire. In 1814, he rose to the rank of Lieutenant General. Like his brother Alexandre, after the Bourbon Restoration, Charles
joined the Bourbon camp, succeeding Alexandre as deputy in 1829. In the final
years of his life, he was nonetheless a noted supporter of the July Monarchy.
BkXXVI:Chap5:Sec1
Bonnay satirised him in a poem: ‘La Prise des Annociades’ regarding
surveillance of the convent of the ‘Annonciades’ at Pontoise.
BkIV:Chap13:Sec1
Examples of parliamentary magistrates.
Lamoignon,
Auguste, Marquis de
1765-1845. A Councillor in the Parlement, he crossed to
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1 BkXII:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXIII:Chap3:Sec1
Joined Mrs Lindsay on her return to
1567-1636. A pupil of Cujas. Member
of the Parlement of
BkII:Chap3:Sec2 Mentioned. Father of Guillaume.
Lamoignon, Christian, Vicomte de
1770-1827. The brother of Auguste, he served
in the émigré army, and was wounded at Quiberon
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1 A friend of Chateaubriand in
BkXII:Chap5:Sec1
With Chateaubriand at Richmond in the
summer of 1799.
BkXII:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1 A
returning émigré in
BkXXII:Chap12:Sec1
He helped to settle the articles of surrender in
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand says that Christian introduced
him to Madame Récamier,
Chateaubriand having first seen her
at Madame de Staël’s. This was
presumably in 1805, since he did not meet her again for twelve years.
Lamoignon,
Guillaume de, Marquis de Basville
1617-1677. Became in 1644 master of requests in the Parlement, took an
active part in the Fronde of the
Parlement against Mazarin. He became first
president of the Parlement in 1658. Made Marquis de Basville in 1670.The great
work which he did towards preparing the codification of French laws has made
him famous. A distinguished member of the Society of the Holy Sacrament, he was
greatly devoted to the Catholic cause.
BkII:Chap3:Sec2
Mention of his father, Christian.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1 Mention of his estate at Basville in
1772-1836. The brother-in-law of Laborie. He took part in the Malet conspiracy. He was re-appointed as a Lieutenant-General
at the First Restoration.
BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec1 In Roye in 1815.
A friend of Lucile.
BkXV:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
Lamour
de Langégu, Pétronille, see Chateaubriand
Lampedusa,
The largest of the Pelagie Islands in the
Mediterranean, 205 km from Sicily and 113 km from Tunisia. Politically and
administratively Lampedusa is part of Italy, but geologically it belongs to Africa
since the sea between the two is no deeper than 120 meters.
BkXVIII:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
Colonel of the Regiment de La Fère at Auxonne in 1785.
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec2 Colonel of Bonaparte’s regiment.
Lancellotti,
Ottavio, 1st Prince of
1789-1852. Owner of the Palazzo Lancellotti, now no 18 Via Lancelotti,
in
BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
Lancellotti,
Giuseppina Massimo, Princess
1799-1862. She was the daughter of Prince
Camillo VII Massimo of Arsoli.
BkXIV:Chap8:Sec1 BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
Landau
(Landau in der Pfalz),
An autonomous city in the Rhineland Palatinate, Landau was
occupied by the French from 1680 to 1815, when it was one of the Décapole,
the ten free cities of Alsace, and received its modern fortifications from Louis
XIV’s military architect Vauban, making the little city (population in 1789 was
still only approximately 5,000) one of Europe’s strongest citadels. After the Hundred
Days Landau was granted to Bavaria in 1816 and became the capital of one of the
thirteen Bezirksämter (counties) of the Bavarian Rheinpfalz.
BkXXIII:Chap11:Sec3
BkXXIX:Chap13:Sec2 Traded at the Congress of
1804-1834. An English explorer of
BkXLI:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
The Landsturm was the Prussian
and Austrian equivalent of the Levée en masse, or general levy of all
men capable of bearing arms and not included in the other regularly organized
forces, standing army or second line formations, of Continental nations. It was
introduced in Prussia in 1813.
BkXXII:Chap4:Sec1 The
levy of 1813.
Langres,
Possibly the seventeenth century inquisitor (fl. 1612).
BkI:Chap5:Sec3
His religious fervour.
Lanjamet,
Chevalier de, of the Order of Malta
BkI:Chap1:Sec5.
Mentioned as assisting in the granting of Chateaubriand’s application to enrol
in the order of Malta.
1753-1827. A French Politician and lawyer, he
developed moderate, even reactionary views, becoming one of the fiercest
opponents of the Mountain, though he never wavered in his support of republican
principles. He refused to vote for the death of Louis XVI, alleging that the
nation had no right to despatch a vanquished prisoner. He was President of the
upper house during the Hundred Days. Together with G. J.
B. Target, J. E. M. Portalis and others he
founded under the empire an academy of legislation in
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec2 BkXXII:Chap15:Sec3 Used the common linguistic style of the age, as a defender of freedom.
BkXXIII:Chap18:Sec1 President of the Chamber of Representatives in 1815.
Lannes,
Jean, Duc de Montebello, Marshal of
1769-1809. A Marshal of France, he fought
under Napoleon in the Italian and Egyptian campaigns, supported his coup of
18th Brumaire, and distinguished himself at Montebello,
Austerlitz, Jena, Friedland,
and
BkXIX:Chap14:Sec1 Went with Napoleon on the Egyptian Campaign.
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec2 Wounded in the head at Acre in 1799.
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec1
Supported Murat at Aboukir in July 1799.
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec2
Returned to
BkXX:Chap2:Sec1 Lannes beat the
Austrians at
BkXX:Chap10:Sec1
Died after losing a leg to a cannonball at Aspern-Essling.
Lannes,
Napoléon-Auguste, Comte then Duc de Montebello
1801-1874. The son of Marshal Lannes, he was made a Peer in 1827, and arrived in
BkXXIX:Chap17:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap3:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap5:Sec1 Attaché
to the
Lansdowne,
Henry Charles Keith Petty Fitz-Maurice, 5th Marquis
1780-1863. A British politician and Irish peer who
served successively as Governor General of Canada, Viceroy of India, Secretary
of State for War, and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. He had the
distinction of holding senior positions in both Liberal and Conservative
governments.
BkXXVII:Chap5:Sec1 Chateaubriand goes to an evening at his house in 1822.
She was a member of the Roman nobility in
1828.
BkXXIX:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
1734-1826. Author of Voyages d’Antenor
en Grèce et en Asie, avec des Notions sur l'Égypte, Manuscrit Grec trouvé à Herculanum (1798). Lantier’s work of
fiction was a tremendous popular success, and of considerable influence. Basically
it is an imitation of Barthelemy’s Anacharsis but lacks his detailed
knowledge. For this reason Lantier’s work was
referred to as ‘Anacharsis des Boudoirs’.
BkXIX:Chap15:Sec1
Mentioned.
He was a Trojan priest who tried to warn the Trojans of the Greek
threat. See Virgil’s Aeneid II.
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec1 The
sculpture of Laocoon and his sons, found in 1506 in
A city and commune of France, capital of the Aisne département, the
town was of strategic importance in Roman times. During the Hundred Years’ War
it was attacked and taken by the Burgundians, who gave it up to the English, to
be retaken by the French after the consecration of Charles VII. Under the League,
Laon took the part of the Leaguers, and was taken by Henri IV. During the campaign of
1814 Napoleon tried in vain to dislodge Blücher from it in the Battle of Laon.
BkXXIII:Chap14:Sec1
Napoleon’s army assembled there during the Hundred Days.
Lapanouze
(La Panouse), César, Comte de
1764-1836. A Paris banker he was Deputy of
the
BkXXXIV:Chap7:Sec1 The villa was the villa Bartholoni, demolished in 1920 to make way for the
Palais des Nations.
Laplace,
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de
1749-1827. The French astronomer and
mathematician, went to
BkXIII:Chap11:Sec2
Became a supporter of Napoleon.
Minister under Louis XVI.
BkV:Chap8:Sec1
Replaced La Luzerne as Minister of Marine in
1789.
Laporte,
Marie-François-Sébastien-Christophe Delaporte, called
1760-1823. Member of the
Convention. Under the Consulate retired to practise law at Lure.
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec2 After
9th Thermidor (
Lapoype
(or La Poype), Jean-François Cornu, Marquis and General
1758-1851. A Revolutionary, and Imperial general, his wife was Fréron’s sister. He fought at Marengo.
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec1
Involved in the siege of Toulon in 1793.
Russian noble in 1812.
BkXXI:Chap4:Sec3
Mentioned.
Beneficent Roman spirits, they
watched over the household, fields, public areas etc. Each house had a Lararium
where the image of the Lar was kept. The Lares are usually coupled with the Penates
the gods of the larder. They represented the family and moved where the family
hearth moved.
BkXII:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXII:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
Lariboisière,
Jean Ambroise Baston, Comte de
1759-1812. A Napoleonic General, he was killed at Konisberg.
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
1747-1827. An actor, he commenced his career in 1770, famously playing Orestes
in Iphigénie in 1775. He was arrested
and released in 1793, and then toured the provinces, returning to
BkIV:Chap11:Sec1
Acted at the Théâtre-Français.
Larivière,
Pierre-François Henri
1761-1838. A royalist agent in
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec2
Armand was
transmitting letters to him.
1766-1842. Chief Surgeon of the Grand Army, he is regarded by
many as the most outstanding surgeon of the Napoleonic era and one of the
founders of military surgery. When war broke out in 1792 he became assistant
surgeon to the French army on the
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec1
A witness to the atrocity at Jaffa, related
in his account of the Expedition to the East (1803).
Larrey,
Félix-Hippolyte, Baron
1808-1895. The son of Dominique-Jean, he was a
surgeon at the Gros-Caillou hospital in
BkXXXII:Chap3:Sec1 Chateaubriand confuses
him with his father.
Las
Cases, Emmanuel Augustin-Dieudonné-Joseph, Comte de
1766-1842. The French historian who accompanied Napoleon into exile on St. Helena where the emperor dictated to him a
part of his Memoirs. His famous Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène (tr. 1823) is
a primary source, although not always an accurate one, for Napoleon’s last
years and his judgment of himself. The Mémorial became something of a
bible to Napoleon-worshippers.
BkXVI:Chap8:Sec1
Chateaubriand cites Chapter 11 of the Memorial
(
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1 Chateaubriand refers again to the Memorial where Las Cases derides the foolish legends of Napoleon’s birth.
BkXIX:Chap3:Sec1 BkXXI:Chap5:Sec3 Las Cases quoted.
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec3 BkXXIV:Chap5:Sec1 Las Cases referred to.
BkXX:Chap13:Sec1
Memorial,
BkXXIV:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXIV:Chap10:Sec1 Accompanied Napoleon to St Helena in 1815.
BkXXIV:Chap11:Sec1
Compelled to leave
1800. Son of Emmanuel.
BkXXIV:Chap10:Sec1
Accompanied his father to St Helena.
1759-1833. Former professor of statistics at the Collège de France, he
was a member of the
BkXIII:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand met him at Mrs Lindsay’s house in May
1800.
Lasaudre
for Le Fer de la Saudre,
Wealthy merchants of Saint-Malo
in the eighteenth century.
BkV:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned. Their luxurious château, Bonaban (at La
Gouesnière), the building of which started in 1776.
An assumed identity of Chateaubriand’s, that of a Swiss clockmaker from
Neuchâtel.
BkXII:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXVII:Chap11:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s pseudonym on his false
passport in 1800. The principality of Neuchâtel was under Prussian
jurisdiction. The passport was delivered on the 21st April by the Baron de
Kloest, and gave Chateaubriand’s height as 1.62 metres.
BkXIII:Chap3:Sec2
Chateaubriand obtained a document to support his false identity at the Prussian
embassy in
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1 Chateaubriand was removed from the list of émigrés who had fought against the Republic in July 1801. He was helped by Madame de Staël and Madame Bacciochi, as well as by Fouché’s attitude.
BkXIII:Chap8:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s sister first sought
him out under that name.
An adventurer, he contemplated abducting Napoleon from
BkXXIV:Chap11:Sec1 Mentioned.
Latil,
Jean-Baptiste-Marie, Cardinal, Comte then Duc de
1761-1839. Archbishop of Rheims from 1824, he was a Cardinal from 1826, and a moderate. He was chaplain
to Charles X from 1804, and joined him in exile in
BkXXX:Chap3:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1 He arrives at the Conclave of 1829.
BkXXXVI:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXXVII:Chap2:Sec1
A member of the
BkXXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
At dinner in the
BkXXXVIII:Chap4:Sec1
Unpopular with Henri.
BkXLI:Chap5:Sec1 Mentioned.
The King of Latium is a character in Virgil’s Aeneid.
BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
Latouche,
Hyacinthe-Joseph Alexandre
Thabaud de, known as Henri de
1785-1851. The French poet and novelist is known for his publication
of Andre Chénier (in 1819) and early encouragement of George Sand.
(His family name is also spelt ‘de la Touche’ and ‘Delatouche’.) The Constitutionnel
was suppressed in 1817 by the government for an obscure political allusion in
an article by Latouche. He then undertook the management of the Mercure du
XIXe siècle, and began a bitter warfare against the monarchy. After 1830 he
edited Le Figaro, and spared neither the liberal politicians nor the
romanticists who triumphed under the monarchy of July. The last twenty years of
his life were spent in retirement at Aulnay.
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec2 The reference is to his Republican liberalism
and probably to his novel Fragoletta
(1829).
Lauderdale,
James Maitland, 8th Earl
1759-1839. Member of
Parliament (1780) rose to the House of Lords after acceding to the Earldom of
Lauderdale on the death of his father. He was renowned for his hostility and
temper and adopted a radical stance, for example supporting the French
Revolution and indeed trying to negotiate a peace treaty with
BkXII:Chap5:Sec3
Chateaubriand heard him speak.
BkXX:Chap5:Sec3
Negotiator in
Launay,
Bernard-René Jordan, Marquis de
1740-1789. Governor, and son of a Governor, of the Bastille.
BkV:Chap8:Sec2
His death after the storming of the Bastille.
Launay de la Bliardière, David-Joseph-Marie
b.1766. Son of Gilles.
Launay de la Bliardière, Gilles-Marie
de
Tobacco-bonder at Combourg.
1310-1348. The wife of Hugues II de Sade, and the possible identity of
the lady celebrated in Petrarch’s
sonnets. He first saw her in the Church of Sainte-Claire in Avignon (
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec2
Her reputed tomb (1348) in the Church of the Cordeliers (mostly destroyed 1806)
in
Laurent
Giustiniani (
1381-1456. He was the first patriarch of
BkXXXIX:Chap18:Sec1 Mentioned.
Lauriston,
Marquis de, Marshal of France
1768-1828. French soldier
and diplomatist, he became brigadier of artillery in 1795. Resigning in 1796 he
was brought back into the service in 1800 as aide-de-camp to Napoleon with whom
as a cadet Lauriston had been on friendly terms. In 1805, having risen to the
rank of general of division, he took part in the war against
BkXX:Chap13:Sec1
Sent as Ambassador to
BkXXI:Chap4:Sec3
Sent to Kutuzov in 1812.
A city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland,
situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman), and facing Évian-les-Bains
(France) and with the Jura hills to its north, it is located some 37 miles
northeast of Geneva.
BkXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1 The Chateaubriands there May to July 1826.
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec1 The Chateaubriands were there
BkXXXIV:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXXV:Chap24:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1 Chateaubriand there in September 1833.
Lautrec,
Odet de Foix, Vicomte de, Marshal of
1485-1528. Hero of the wars of Louis XII, then Francis I, in
BkXIV:Chap7:Sec1
Mentioned as a flower of chivalry.
BkXIX:Chap13:Sec1 BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2 His victory at Ravenna in 1512.
A noble, the friend of Mirabeau
the Younger.
BkV:Chap13:Sec1
At the National Assembly.
Lauzun,
Armand-Louis de Gontaut-Biron, Duc de, then Duc de Biron
1747-1793. He took part in the American Revolution, with his Hussars de
Lauzun, under Rochambeau. He led at
BkII:Chap3:Sec2
Seen by Chateaubriand at the camp at Saint-Malo.
BkV:Chap14:Sec1
His power waning.
BkV:Chap15:Sec3
BkXII:Chap5:Sec2 Mentioned.
BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1
His mansion in Montrouge.
She was the second wife of Geoffroy IV de Chateaubriand.
BkI:Chap1:Sec6
Chateaubriand claims her as the grand-daughter of the Count of
Laval,
Duc de, see Montmorency, Anne-Pierre-Adrien
de
The wife of Hyacinthe.
BkXXII:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand staying with her in October 1812.
Lavalette,
Hôtel de, Paris
The house at 2 Quai des Celestins, built in 1671.
BkXVIII:Chap5:Sec1
Owned by Hyacinthe de Lavalette.
BkXXII:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in October 1812.
Ex cup-bearer in the
BkXVIII:Chap5:Sec1
Owner of the Hôtel where Chateaubriand lived
during his visits to
BkXXII:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand staying with him in October 1812.
Lavalette,
Antoine-Marie Chamans, Comte de
1769-1830. Aide-de-Camp to Bonaparte, he married Emilie de Beauharnais
(1781-1855) niece of Josephine
in 1798. He was a Councillor of State, and Minister of Posts under Napoleon. Condemned to death after the
Hundred Days, he made a daring escape from the Conciergerie, by exchanging
clothes with his wife, eventually reaching
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec3 His escape was aided by Sir Robert Wilson.
BkXXII:Chap 26:Sec1 Part of the intrigue of the escape from Elba.
BkXXIII:Chap18:Sec2
With Napoleon after the Hundred Days.
The local chemist at Combourg, he
was apothecary-surgeon there from 1751.
BkII:Chap4:Sec3
Mentioned.
La Pointe de La Varde, a headland near Saint-Malo. The fort there was
rebuilt in 1748.
BkIII:Chap14:Sec2
A childhood haunt of Chateaubriand.
1741-1801. Poet and physiognomist, he was
born in
BkXXXV:Chap18:Sec1 Mentioned.
1809-1880. Economist, Senator, and Member of the
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec5
Mentioned.
Lavigne,
Alexis-Jacques-Buisson de
Father-in-law of Chateaubriand. Director of the Compagnie des Indes at Lorient.
BkIX:Chap1:Sec2
Mentioned.
Lavigne,
Céleste de, see Chateaubriand, Céleste Buisson
de Lavigne, Vicomtesse de
Wife of Chateaubriand.
Lavigne,
Céleste Rapion de la Placelière, Madame Buisson de
Wife of Alexis. Mother-in-law of
Chateaubriand.
BkIX:Chap1:Sec2
Mentioned.
Lavigne,
François-André Buisson de
Son of Jacques. Uncle by marriage of
Chateaubriand.
BkIX:Chap1:Sec2
Mentioned.
Lavigne,
Jacques-Pierre-Guillaume Buisson de
1713-1793. Ship’s captain for the Compagnie
des Indes. Decorated for actions against the English in the Seven Years’
War, then named Commander of the
BkIX:Chap1:Sec2
Chateaubriand’s wife’s grandfather.
Lavillatte,
Joseph Bouyonnet de
1780-1858. A Royalist he was imprisoned at
BkXXXVII:Chap2:Sec1 In Prague in May 1833.
BkXXXVII:Chap6:Sec1 Described.
BkXLI:Chap5:Sec1 Waiting to leave
Laville
de Villastellone, Comte Gaëtan Joseph Prosper César
de
1775-1848. He was from
BkXX:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned.
The
daughter of King Latinus is a character in Virgil’s Aeneid.
BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1 Mentioned.
1671-1729. The Scottish economist believed money was only a means of
exchange that did not constitute wealth in itself, and that national wealth
depended on trade. He is said to have been responsible for the wide-spread
adoption of paper money or bills. He became Controller General of Finances in
BkXXXIX:Chap16:Sec1 Law subsequently moved between
BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1 A protégé of the Duc d’Orléans.
1761-1833. Academician and former playwright, known for his Amis des lois (1793) who taught
literature.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec2
Armand was
transmitting royalist letters to him.
The Congress of Laibach was
a conference of the allied sovereigns or their representatives, held as part of
the so-called Concert of Europe, which was the decided attempt of the Great
Powers to settle international problems through discussion and collective
weight rather than on the battlefield. The Congress was held in Ljubljana
(Laibach is the German name of the city), in what is now Slovenia but was then
a part of Austrian Empire, from January 26 until May 12, 1821.
BkXXVII:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
The brother of Mary of
BkXV:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
Chateaubriand quotes John XI:44
Not identified. (Gregorio Lazzarini 1655-1730
was a noted Venetian Painter).
BkXXXIX:Chap18:Sec1 Mentioned.
He was a seventeenth century genealogist.
BkI:Chap1:Sec3 A
source of information regarding Chateaubriand’s family.
Le
Corvaisier, Julien
Tax-collector at Combourg.
BkII:Chap2:Sec2
Mentioned.
A gentleman of the neighbourhood of Combourg.
BkIV:Chap5:Sec1
Signatory to Chateaubriand’s father’s death
certificate.
1671-1708. French Jesuit and founder (in
1702) of the famous collection of ‘Lettres
édifiantes et curieuses écrites des missions étrangéres par quelques
missionnaires de la Compagnie de Jésus’ one of the most important sources
of information for the history of the Catholic missions. The first eight series
were by Pére le Gobien, the latter ones by Fathers Du Halde, Patouillet,
Geoffroy, and Maréchal. The collection was printed in thirty-six volumes (
BkVII:Chap10:Sec1 His
description of the Canadian Indians.
A school friend of Chateaubriand’s at Dol College.
BkII:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
The port in northern
BkIV:Chap10:Sec1
The first battalion of Chateaubriand’s regiment was stationed there.
BkVIII:Chap7:Sec1Chateaubriand
set out for
BkIX:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s mother cleared his debts allowing him to leave
BkXIII:Chap1:Sec1
Madame de Longueville took ship from there in 1650.
BkXXIII:Chap3:Sec1
Suggested as a refuge for Louis XVIII in 1815, and by
Chateaubriand for the later Charles X.
BkXXIV:Chap16:Sec1
Napoleon’s remains landed there in 1840.
Le
Motha, for Lemotheux, Captain Armand
1795-1830. He was a Captain of Carabineers in July 1830 in
BkXXXII:Chap12:Sec1
Mentioned.
1789-1873. A French sculptor, he settled in
BkXXIX:Chap14:Sec1
His work on the Poussin monument in 1829.
Lenormant, the younger, was Chateaubriand’s publisher in
BkXXIII:Chap6:Sec1
He reprinted Chateaubriand’s report as a pamphlet: Rapport sur l’état de la
BkXXV:Chap2:Sec1
He printed La Monarchie selon la Charte
in 1816.
BkXXV:Chap9:Sec1
He printed the Conservateur from
BkXXXII:Chap9:Sec1
His premises mentioned at 8 Rue de la
A village in
BkIV:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
1668-1747. A French novelist and dramatist, his masterpiece, Gil
Blas de Santillane (1715–35), is a rambling story in the style of Spanish
picaresque romances, though unlike them in conception. It was a major influence in the development of the realistic
novel. Smollett drew heavily on it, especially in Roderick Random. Of Le
Sage’s lesser novels, Le Diable boiteux (1707) is an adaptation of a
Spanish novel, and Le Bachelier de Salamanque (1736, tr. 1737) is an
imitation of Gil Blas. Le Sage made his living by writing light pieces
for the theatres of
BkX:Chap5:Sec1 BkX:Chap7:Sec1 Gil Blas mentioned.
The ‘Furrow’, a causeway connecting Saint-Malo to the mainland, 650feet
long and originally 46 feet wide, but now three times that width.
BkI:Chap3:Sec4
Mentioned.
1617-1655. He was the son of Cathelin Le Sueur, a turner and
sculptor in wood, who placed his son with Vouet, in whose studio he rapidly
distinguished himself. Admitted at an early age into the guild of
master-painters, he left them to take part in establishing the academy of
painting and sculpture, and was one of the first twelve professors of that
body.
BkXVII:Chap5:Sec1 His famous series of the
‘Life of St Bruno,’ was executed in the cloister of La Grande-Chartreux. These last have a more personal
character than anything else which Le Sueur produced, and much of their original
beauty survives in spite of injuries and restorations and removal from the wall
to canvas.
A mythical British King (Leir). The protagonist in Shakespeare’s tragedy of that name.
BkXII:Chap5:Sec3
His madness.
She was the Duchesse de Berry’s maidservant who had pretended to be the
Duchess when the Carlo-Alberto,
carrying the Duchess, was boarded and searched in April 1832 in the
BkXL:Chap4:Sec1 In
Lebon,
Guislain-François-Joseph
1765-1795. A defrocked priest, and a member of the National Convention and the Committee of
General Security, he is best remembered for his activities of 1793-1794, when
he was representative on mission to the departments of the Pas-de-Calais and
the Nord, where he organized the agencies of revolutionary government under the
Law of 14 Frimaire (4 December 1793), and applied its principles with energy
and zeal. During the Thermidorian Reaction, he was imprisoned for several
months, tried for terrorism, and guillotined at
BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1
Tried in 1795.
BkXXV:Chap2:Sec1
A revolutionary priest.
Lebrun,
Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, Madame
1755-1842. French portrait painter; pupil of her father, Louis
Vigée, she was influenced by Greuze. Summoned to
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1 Her
portrait of Madame de Beaumont. This may
be the portrait of 1788 (in private collection,
1729-1807. Called Lebrun-Pindare. French poet, noted for his odes and
epigrams. Past sixty, he paid poetic court to Lucile, with Julie’s agreement in 1789/90.
BkIV:Chap12:Sec3
Supported by his friend Ginguené
who later (1811) edited his complete works.
BkXIII:Chap10:Sec1 An epigram of his against Laharpe’s attempts to diminish Corneille’s fame.
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec2 Used the common linguistic style of the age.
BkXXIX:Chap10:Sec1
A quotation from his Ode ‘To Monsieur Buffon, on his detractors’, the
third line altered by Chateaubriand.
From its source in the
BkXX:Chap5:Sec1 Napoleon
addressed the Army on the bridge over the
Leczinska,
Marie-Catherine-Sophie-Felicité, Queen of
1703-1768. The Daughter of Stanislas Leczinski (King of Poland as
Stanislas I, 1704), she was the wife of Louis XV.
BkXVII:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
The
daughter of Thestius and wife of the Spartan king Tyndareus, she had twin sons
Castor and Polydeuces (Pollux), the Tyndaridae, following her rape by Zeus in
the form of a swan.
BkXXXIX:Chap5:Sec1 A statue of the rape.
BkXXXIX:Chap15:Sec1 Chateaubriand attributes
a Leda to Canova.
Ledoux
A French military man, he is mentioned in
1798.
BkXIX:Chap15:Sec1 Mentioned.
A Republican lawyer.
BkXXXV:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXXV:Chap26:Sec1 Mentioned.
6th century BC. The concubine of Aristogeiton who
was a conspirator with his friend Harmodius against the tyrants Hippias and Hipparchus; despite
torture, she did not betray her lover, and the Athenians erected a statue of a
tongueless lion to commemorate her name and courageous silence.
BkXLII:Chap7:Sec1 See Athenaeus’ Deipnosophists XIII, where he makes her Harmodius’ mistress.
Lefebvre,
see Dantzig, Duc de
Lefebvre-Desnouettes,
Charles, Comte
1773-1822. A French cavalry general, at Marengo he won promotion, and
at
BkXXII:Chap 26:Sec1 Involved in the pro-Bonaparte conspiracy in 1815.
A Republican exiled to the Seychelles in 1801.
BkXXIV:Chap10:Sec1 He escaped and reached St Helena.
1752-1797. A Paris butcher, known as Legendre de Paris, he was
President of the National Convention (October 1794). Though uneducated,
he was a great natural leader. Legendre played important parts in the taking of
the Bastille, the massacre of the Champs-du-Mars and the August 10th overthrow
of the monarchy. As a delegate to the National Assembly, he voted for the death
of the King. He survived the Terror by turning against Danton but became an important reactionary
after 9th Thermidor. He forced the closing of the Jacobin Clubs and prosecuted Carrier.
BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXX:Chap2:Sec1 Desaix held there.
BkXXII:Chap 26:Sec1 Napoleon concluded a commercial treaty
between
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2 Mentioned.
1646-1716 The German
philosopher and mathematician, he invented differential and integral calculus
independently of Newton, and proposed an
optimistic metaphysical theory that included the notion that we live in ‘the
best of all possible worlds.’
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec1
Suggested an Egyptian colony to Louis XIV.
BkXXIX:Chap15:Sec1
His work for religious unification.
A city of east-central
BkXX:Chap6:Sec1
Taken by Davout in October 1806.
BkXXII:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXIV:Chap5:Sec1 BkXXXII:Chap3:Sec1
BkXXXII:Chap3:Sec1
The
A royalist informant, he identified Armand de Chateaubriand
in 1809.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec2
Mentioned.
Léman,
The area around
BkXVII:Chap3:Sec1 Barante its Prefect in 1805.
Lemercier,
Louis-Jean Népomucène
1771-1840. A Poet and dramatist, he was a
late proponent of classical tragedy over Romanticism, and the originator of
French historical comedy. An accident caused him lifelong
partial paralysis. He made a precocious literary debut, his first tragedy, Méléagre,
being produced at the Comédie-Française before he was 16. His Tartuffe
révolutionnaire (1795) created a succès
de scandale and was quickly suppressed because of its bold political
allusions. The orthodox tragedy Agamemnon (1794) was probably his most
celebrated play. He had no sympathy with the Romantics, and in the Académie
Française, to which he was elected in 1810, he consistently opposed them,
refusing to vote for Victor Hugo’s election. He also wrote a
number of philosophical epic poems. His reputation as a writer declined long
before his death.
BkXIII:Chap11:Sec2
An exemplar of the new nineteenth century literary style.
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec2 BkXXII:Chap15:Sec3 Used the common linguistic style of the age, as a defender of freedom.
Lemière,
for Lemierre, Antoine-Marin
1733-1793. A Poet and dramatist, Lemierre revived his earlier play Guillaume Tell in 1786 with
enormous success. After the Revolution he professed great remorse for the
production of a play inculcating revolutionary principles. He published La
Peinture (1769), based on a Latin poem by the abbé de Marsy, and a poem in
six cantos. Les Fastes, ou les usages de lannie (779), an unsatisfactory
imitation of Ovid’s Fasti.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
Lemière,
for Lemierre, Auguste-Jacques
Nephew of Antoine. Translator of Gray.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1
BkXIII:Chap3:Sec2 Mentioned.
Lemoine
(Le Moine), Jean-Baptiste
1751-1829. He managed the Chateaubriand’s
finances from 1814 and was a faithful table companion of the couple.
BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
1602-1671. A Jesuit poet of Langres (Haute-Marne), he was the author
of an epic poem on Saint Louis and of the work
‘La dévotion aisée’.
BkXIX:Chap14:Sec3
Chateaubriand misquotes from his
1762-1826. He published a study of the Plague
in Marseilles and
BkXXXIV:Chap14:Sec1 Chateaubriand quotes
from his work.
Lenglet-Dufresnoy,
Nicolas, Abbé
1674-1755. He was a French historian.
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 His error in taking the name Cataio to be that of
Lenoir-Laroche,
Jean-Jacques, Comte
1749-1825. Born in
BkXIV:Chap1:Sec2
Saint-Martin died at his house La
Colinière, at Aulnay.
1802-1859. A French archaeologist, he travelled in
BkXXXI:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned indirectly.
BkXXXIV:Chap6:Sec1
He had sailed the
BkXXXV:Chap7:Sec1 He
visits Chateaubriand under house arrest in 1832.
Lenormant,
Marie-Josephine (Amélie) Syvoct, Madame
1804-1894. The wife (1826) of Charles,
and niece and ward of Madame Récamier
from 1811, she inherited Madame Récamier’s papers and was the first edit of her
Mémoires de ma vie.
BkXXIX:Chap16:Sec1 BkXXXI:Chap6:Sec1 Her husband had travelled with Champollion to
BkXVI:Chap9:Sec1
BkXVI:Chap11:Sec1 Mentioned.
d.816. Pope 795-816. After his election he was opposed by a Roman
faction and forced to flee to Charlemagne
who supported his return to
BkIX:Chap8:Sec2 Consecrated the cathedral at Aix-la-Chapelle.
d.855. Pope from 847 to 855, he was
unanimously chosen to succeed Sergius II. When he was elected, on April 10, 847,
he was cardinal of Santi Quattro Coronati, and had been subdeacon of Gregory IV
and archpriest under his predecessor. His pontificate was chiefly distinguished
by his efforts to repair the damage done by the Saracens during the reign of
his predecessor to various churches of the city, especially those of St Peter
and St Paul.
BkXXX:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
Leo X, Giovanni di Lorenzo de’
Medici, Pope
1475-1521. The second son of Lorenzo de’ Medici, he was Pope from 1513.
He is known primarily for his
failure to stem the Protestant Reformation, which began during his reign. He
was a patron of Michelangelo.
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2
Michelangelo’s request, of 1519, reads: ‘I Michelangelo, sculptor, address the
same request to Your Holiness, offering to make
a tomb for the divine poet worthy of him, in a location in the city
which would do him honour.’ Giovanni was present at the
BkXXX:Chap12:Sec1 Raphael’s proposal to him for clearing the Roman Forum.
BkXXXV:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
Leo
XII, Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo
Nicola della Genga,
Pope
1760-1829. Pope 1823-29. He was generally reactionary and repressive.
His election had been opposed by
BkXV:Chap5:Sec1 BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 Prayed at Madame de Beaumont’s tomb.
BkXV:Chap7:Sec2
Mentioned.
BkXX:Chap9:Sec3
Chateaubriand received by him.
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec3 He
was of a family from Genga in Ancona
province. He was born in Genga,
BkXXIX:Chap4:Sec1
BkXXIX:Chap14:Sec1
BkXXIX:Chap15:Sec1
Chateaubriand has an audience with him in October 1828, and on
BkXXIX:Chap17:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap1:Sec1 He
was taken ill on
BkXXX:Chap1:Sec1
His election in 1823 had been a compromise.
BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1 Chateaubriand inherited his cat.
BkXXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXXVII:Chap7:Sec1
The Pope’s 1833 Jubilee celebrated the eighteen hundredth anniversary of the
death of Christ, and in Prgaue as in other cities a traverse of the churches or
stations of the Cross was prescribed.
A city in Styria, in central Austria, it is located on the Mur river.
BkXIX:Chap12:Sec2
BkXIX:Chap13:Sec1 The armistice preliminary to the Treaty of
Campo Formio, the Peace of Leoben, was signed there in 1797.
BkXLI:Chap3:Sec1 BkXLI:Chap6:Sec1 The
Bourbon royal family leaving
1452-1519. Italian
painter, engineer, musician, and scientist, he was the most versatile genius of
the Renaissance. As a painter Leonardo is best known for The Last Supper
(c. 1495) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503).
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec2 Francis I was his friend and patron.
BkXIX:Chap13:Sec1
Napoleon shipped artworks back to
BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1
Leonardo settled in
BkXXX:Chap5:Sec1
The choir frescoes of the Life of Mary in Sant’Onorio referred to are by
Peruzzi not Leonardo.
BkXXXIX:Chap7:Sec1
Drawings by him in the Accademia in
Leonidas
I, King of
d.480BC. Leonidas was the hero of the Battle of
Thermopylae in which he held the pass against the Persians.
BkXXIX:Chap16:Sec1 Chateaubriand was in Sparta in 1806.
She was a singer whom Milton heard
at Cardinal Barberini’s house in
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec1
Mentioned.
1537-1581. The sister of Alfonso
II d’Este reputedly loved by Tasso.
BkXXXVI:Chap6:Sec1
BkXL:Chap2:Sec1 BkXL:Chap2:Sec3
BkXL:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
Leopold
II, Emperor of
1747-1792. Father of Francis
II of
BkIX:Chap2:Sec1
His death on
BkIX:Chap3:Sec1
His successor Francis II was not elected as Emperor until
A police guard in 1832.
BkXXXV:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.
The Battle of Lepanto took place on
BkXXXIX:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXXIX:Chap8:Sec1 BkXXXIX:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXXII:Chap11:Sec1
A member of the Republican Municipal Commission in July 1830.
Leprince,
Abbé Réne-Jacques-Joseph
d.1782. Master at Dol College. The last curé of Saint-Samson de la Roque, appointed l5
December 1781.
BkII:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s teacher at Dol.
BkII:Chap4:Sec3
He was dying of consumption (September 1779).
BkII:Chap6:Sec3
Appointed to the living near Rouen, where he
died.
The Mediterranean islands lie off Cannes. The largest is Ile Sainte-Marguerite, with a classic coastal
fortress designed by Vauban, where the mysterious Man in the Iron Mask and
Marshal Bazaine were imprisoned. On Saint-Honorat, the abbey, founded early in
the 5th century by Honoratus following the collapse of Roman power in the north
of
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1 BkXXIV:Chap17:Sec1 Mentioned.