Babylon is the
Greek variant of the Akkadian Babilu,
an ancient city in Mesopotamia (modern Al Hillah, Iraq). It was the ‘holy city’
of Babylonia from early times, and the seat of the Neo-Babylonian empire from 612
BC. In
the Hebrew Bible, the name appears as Babel, interpreted by popular
etymology to mean ‘confusion’. Akkadian bāb-ilû means ‘Gate of God’,
translating the Sumerian Kadingirra.
BkXII:Chap4:Sec2 The reference is to Psalm 137 ‘By the waters of
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec5 The abhorred city of
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXII:Chap 21:Sec1 BkXXXII:Chap16:Sec1 The
BkXXIV:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap2:Sec2 Alexander was in
BkXXX:Chap9:Sec1 A reference to Daniel VI:16.
Bacchiochi,
Elisa Napoleone, Princess of Piombino
1806-1869. In 1825, she married Philippe, Comte
Camerata-Passioneï de Mazzoleni. They separated in 1832.
BkXXX:Chap8:Sec1
Her daughter in
Dionysus the Greek god of the vine, the Roman Bacchus, was
the son of Semele by Zeus-Jupiter.
BkXXXVIII:Chap8:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXLII:Chap7:Sec1
The Bacchantes or Maenads were the band of savage women followers who attended
the god.
Bacciochi,
Maria-Anna (Élisa) Bonaparte, Madame d’
1777-1820. A younger sister of Napoleon. She married Pascal-Félix
Bacciochi a Corsican officer, in 1797. She was established as a member of the Imperial family of the First French
Empire in 1804. In 1805, Napoleon named her Duchess of Lucca and Princess of
Pimbino. Her separation from her husband was seen favorably by Napoleon who
named her Grand Duchess of Tuscany in 1809. The position had been previously
vacant since the abdication of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1801 and
Tuscany had been incorporated to the Kingdom of Etruria until 1807. Her husband
soon rejoined her however. Elisa remained Duchess of Tuscany until 1814. Then
Ferdinand III was restored to his throne. She spent the later years of her life
in seclusion and died in Trieste.
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXVIII:Chap18:Sec1 BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec1 She used her influence on Chateaubriand’s behalf in 1801.
BkXIV:Chap5:Sec1 Reported on Napoleon’s satisfaction with his meeting with Chateaubriand.
BkXIV:Chap7:Sec1 Her letter introducing Chateaubriand to Murat.
BkXV:Chap7:Sec2 Continued to use her influence on Chateaubriand’s behalf in 1803/4.
BkXVI:Chap1:Sec1 She reproaches Chateaubriand for resigning in 1804. She placates Napoleon.
BkXVII:Chap1:Sec1 She extends her protection to him following his resignation.
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1
Duchess of
BkXIX:Chap3:Sec1
She was educated at Saint-Cyr
until 1792 when the school was closed.
See Chapelle.
1561-1626. English philosopher, essayist, courtier, jurist,
and statesman, his writings include The Advancement of Learning (1605)
and the Novum Organum (1620), in which he proposed a theory of
scientific knowledge based on observation and experiment that came to be known
as the inductive method.He was
knighted in 1603, created Baron Verulam
in 1618, and created Viscount St Albans
in 1621; both peerage titles becoming extinct upon his death.
BkX:Chap5:Sec2
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec2 Mentioned.
Bad
A town in the district of
Bayreuth, in
BkXXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1 Chateaubriand there
An arm of the Arctic Ocean bounded by Baffin
Island in the west, Greenland in the east, and Ellesmere Island in the north,
it connects to the Atlantic through Davis Strait, and to the Arctic through
several narrow channels of Nares Strait. It is a northwestern extension of the North-Atlantic
and Labrador Sea.
BkXXXV:Chap16:Sec1 It is
normally filled with icebergs.
The capital of
BkIII:Chap8:Sec1 Mentioned. A symbol of Eastern luxury.
Bagration,
Pyotr Ivanovich, Prince
1765-1812. A Russian General during the French
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He fought under Field Marshal Suvorov
in the Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1798–99 and at
Bagration, Ekaterina Pavlovna Skavronksy, Princess
1783-1857. She was the wife of Prince Bagration (married 1800). She married Lord Hobart in 1830.
BkXLI:Chap1:Sec1 Her niece, Countess Samoilova.
The modern Baia, opposite
BkIX:Chap8:Sec2 Caligula’s building work there.
BkXV:Chap7:Sec3 Chateaubriand visited in 1828.
BkXXII:Chap
26:Sec1 Countess Walewska returned to
nearby
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec3
Madame Récamier at
BkXXXVI:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
1777-1824. An impoverished military man who published
various Bonapartist tracts, some opposing Chateaubriand, who nevertheless
assisted him and his wife.
BkXXIII:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned indirectly.
The Battle of Bailén (Andalucia) was a
series of clashes between the Spanish regular army, operating in conjunction
with guerrilla formation, under Generals Francisco Castaños and Theodor von
Reding and the French commanded by General Pierre Dupont, between July 18 and
July 22 1808, as a part of the Peninsular War.The Spanish victory at Bailén
signalled to the armies of Europe that the French were not invincible - a fact
that persuaded the Austrians to wage a new war against Napoleon.
BkXX:Chap7:Sec1
BkXX:Chap7:Sec2 Mentioned.
1736-1793. French astronomer and politician, his works on
astronomy and on the history of science (notably the Essai sur la théorie
des satellites de Jupiter) were distinguished both for scientific interest
and literary elegance and earned him membership in the
BkV:Chap9:Sec1 Elected as Mayor of Paris after the fall of the Bastille in July 1789.
BkV:Chap9:Sec1
He was one of those who met and harangued the King at the Hôtel de Ville on
BkV:Chap10:Sec1
He again harangued the King, on
The reference is to Racine’s
play Bajazet of 1672, which concerns
Bajazet the brother of Sultan Murad IV (1612-1640) whom the Sultan had executed
in 1635. The play is set in the Seraglio and involves complex intrigues,
suicide and murder.
BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec2 Mentioned.
Balagny
(Balagni), Renée de Clermont d’Amboise, Madame de
d. 1595 She was the wife of Jean de Montluc (1560-1603), seigneur
de Balagny, at first a zealous member of the League, who made his submission to
Henri IV, and received from him the principality of Cambrai and the baton
of a Marshal of France.
BkXXXVII:Chap14:Sec1 Mentioned.
Balashov
(Balashev, Balascheff), Alexander Dmitriyevich
1770-1837. A Russian
general and statesman, from 1 January 1810 he was a member of the newly
established State Council. In June the same year he became the Minister of
Police. In 1812, during Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia, Balashov was present in
the front-line army stationed in Vilnius (Vilna). After La Grande Armée crossed
the frontier on June 12, Balashov was dispatched to deliver the Emperor's
letter to Napoleon. He participated in the organization of the People's Militia
(Народное
ополчение) and was a
member of the extraordinary committee choosing the commander-in-chief of the
Russian army.
BkXXI:Chap1:Sec1
He met Napoleon in Vilna in June 1812.
Balbi,
Anne de Caumont-La Force, Comtesse d’
1758-1842. Mistress of the
Comte de Provence (Louis XVIII) before 1789, she shared the start of his exile
at Coblentz then
lived in
BkXXV:Chap4:Sec1 A favourite of Louis XVIII.
Father of Pierre-Simon. A printer
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec1
Took over the printing rights to Le
Génie in 1802.
Ballanche,
Pierre Simon
1776-1847. A French philosopher, he was a frequenter of Mme Récamier’s salon. He was elected to
the Académie française in 1842. He is regarded as the precursor of both liberal
Catholicism and Romanticism. In Palingénésie
(1827–32) he historically documented his belief in cyclical cultural rebirth.
In addition to essays, Ballanche wrote didactic fiction, including a
Christianized Antigone (1813) and L’Homme sans nom (1820).
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec1 A printer in Lyons in 1802 in his father’s business.
BkXIV:Chap6:Sec1
Chateaubriand met Ballanche again in
BkXV:Chap2:Sec1
His letter (
BkXVII:Chap3:Sec1 BkXVII:Chap5:Sec1 Joined Chateaubriand on his trip to Mont-Blanc in 1805.
BkXVIII:Chap1:Sec1 Travels to meet Madame de Chateaubriand in Venice in 1806.
BkXXVIII:Chap19:Sec1 His comment on Madame Récamier’s bankruptcy in 1806.
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec2 His comment on Madame Récamier’s portrait of 1802.
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec5 His associations with Lyons and friendship with Chateaubriand.
BkXXXI:Chap8:Sec1 He arrives in Dieppe in July 1830.
BkXXXIV:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned in 1831.
BkXXXIX:Chap15:Sec1 A reference to his Essays on Social Palingenesis which was part-published but remained unfinished. Palingenesis was a term by which Ballanche referred to the successive regenerations of society, and he incorporated a progressive or evolutionary vision of Christianity in his work even as he insisted that Christianity was immutable.
The largest city in
BkV:Chap15:Sec4 BkVI:Chap3:Sec1 Chateaubriand sailed with a party of seminarists for there in April 1791.
BkVI:Chap6:Sec3
Chateaubriand arrived on
BkVI:Chap7:Sec1
Description of
BkVII:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand left
BkVIII:Chap5:Sec2
Mentioned.
c. 1421-1491. Correctly Cardinal La Balu, he was a French
statesman, and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. A trusted adviser of
the French king Louis XI, he saved Paris
for the king during the revolt of the League of the Public Weal (1465).
Subsequently he conspired with Charles the Bold of Burgundy against Louis and
arranged the meeting of the two rulers at Péronne (1468), where Charles made
Louis a prisoner. After his release Louis held Balue prisoner from 1469 to
1480, when the pope intervened. The legend that Balue was kept in an iron cage
is unproved. Balue went to
BkIX:Chap16:Sec1 Mentioned.
A town in Bavaria Germany, it is located in
BkXLI:Chap7:Sec1
Chateaubriand passed through again in late September 1833.
In French and Medieval English, a proclamation,
whereby all that held lands of the crown, (except some privileged officers and
citizens,) were summoned to meet at a certain place in order to serve the king
in his wars, either personally, or by proxy. Also the vassals so summoned.
BkXX:Chap12:Sec1 Napoleon uses an ancient and monarchical term for levying troops.
BkXXV:Chap9:Sec1
Mentioned.
1761-1835. A famous French actor, he was one of a whole family of Baptistes who played all the parts. He was the elder son, but his father, younger brother, mother and wife all acted. Nicolas soon obtained public favour, especially in La Martellière’s Robert, chef de brigands, and as Count Almaviva in Bèaumarchais’ La Mere coupable. As he grew older his special forté lay in noble fathers. After a brilliant career of thirty-five years of uninterrupted service, he retired in 1828. But, after the revolution of 1830, when the Théâtre Français was in dire straits, the brothers Baptiste came to the rescue, reappeared on the stage and helped to restore its prosperity.
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec3 Napoleon made his acquaintance.
He was valet de chambre and then plain valet to Chateaubriand.
BkXXXV:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap6:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap12:Sec1
BkXXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1 BkXXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXLI:Chap3:Sec1
In
The town is on the River Aube east of Troyes.
BkXXII:Chap9:Sec1
Napoleon fighting there in 1814.
Barante,
Césarine d’Houdetot, Baronne de
1794-1877. The wife of Claude-Ignace (married 1811).
BkXXIX:Chap14:Sec1
Chateaubriand met her when she was a child of seven.
Barante,
Claude-Ignace Brugière, Baron de
1745-1814. He was of a noble family of the
BkXVII:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
Barante,
Amable-Guillaume Prosper Brugière, Baron de
1782-1866. The son of Claude-Ignace.
He had a long affair with Madame de Staël. On Napoleon’s return he held the
prefecture of Nantes, which he immediately resigned. At the Second Restoration
he was made Councillor of State and Secretary-General of the Ministry of the
Interior. After becoming Director-General of Indirect Taxes, he was created in 1819
a Peer of France and was prominent among the Liberals. After the revolution of
July 1830, he was appointed ambassador to Turin, and in 1835 to St Petersburg.
Throughout Louis Philippe’s reign he supported the government; and after the
fall of the monarchy, in February 1848, withdrew from political life and
retired to his country seat in Auvergne. Shortly before his retirement he had
been made grand cross of the Legion of Honour. Barante's Histoire des ducs
de Bourgogne de la maison de Valois, which appeared in a series of volumes
between 1824 and 1828, procured him immediate admission to the Académie
Française.
BkXXV:Chap13:Sec1 Mentioned.
fl: 1170-1190. An
architect, he designed the
BkXXXIX:Chap19:Sec1
His work on the Campanile. The first tower was completed in 1173. It was
rebuilt after its collapse in 1902.
Fl: 1820-1860. He was a French bookseller and publisher.
BkXXXII:Chap9:Sec1 Mentioned in July 1830.
An Italian dancer, supposedly the only woman Frederick the Great ever showed an interest in (according to Voltaire and others). She was the wife of a minor court official.
BkXXVI:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
1767-1794. An advocate, born at Marseilles, of which
he became town-clerk, he came to Paris ‘a young Spartan’ and became leader of the Girondins
in the French Revolution; he represented Marseilles in the Constituent Assembly
and the Convention; declared an enemy of the people, and forced to flee, he
mistook an approaching company for Jacobins, drew his pistol and shot himself,
but the shot miscarried; he was captured and guillotined.
BkXLII:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
1743-1825. Biographer,
Children’s Writer, Dissenter, Editor, Educationalist, Essayist, Feminist,
Literary Critic, Literary Historian, Poet, Prose Writer, Reformer, Teacher.
BkXII:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned as a popular authoress.
Barbara
of Habsburg, Archduchess
1539-1572. She married Alfonso II
d’Este in December 1565.
BkXL:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
She was an Italian singer, in
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec1
Mentioned.
The second
largest city in Spain, it is the capital of Catalonia and the province with the
same name. It is located in the comarca of Barcelonès, along the Mediterranean
coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs.
BkXXVII:Chap7:Sec1
In October 1821 there was an outbreak of yellow fever there. The French sent
medical aid but also used it as a pretext to deploy troops along the Rousillon
frontier. The Spanish liberal party denounced this cordon sanitaire.’
The headquarters of the Sous-Prefecture des Départements
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, is situated some 44miles east of Gap in the Ubaye
valley. The small town lies in mountain country, surrounded by fruit fields and
meadows. The roads to the south lead over the well-known passes of
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec2
Napoleon’s arrest warrant was signed there, dated
Barclay
de Tolly, Prince Michael Andreas
1761-1818 A Russian field marshal, of Scottish descent, he
gained prominence in the Napoleonic Wars, became minister of war in 1810, and
commanded the Russian forces against Napoleon in 1812. His policy of continuous
retreat into the heart of
BkXXI:Chap1:Sec1 Napoleon’s comment on him in June 1812.
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1
Toppled by Court intrigue.
A town in the Hautes-Pyrénées, known for its mineral waters.
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec1
Chateaubriand there in 1807.
Barentin,
Charles-Louis-François de Paule de
1738-1819. Last Keeper of the Seals under Louis XVI. He emigrated in 1789.
BkX:Chap6:Sec2 Chateaubriand wrote to him on behalf of Hingant in 1793.
Barère
(Barrère) De Vieuzac, Bertrand
1755-1841. A member of the Revolutionary National Assembly
and of the Convention, he became a radical, voting for the execution of Louis XVI. He was a member of, and often the
spokesman for, the Committee of Public Safety, the body that ruled
BkV:Chap2:Sec 2 His flippancy regarding the guillotine.
BkIX:Chap6:Sec2 BkXIX:Chap6:Sec1 Chateaubriand met him in 1792.
BkX:Chap8:Sec2 His role as spokesman.
BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1
His arrest in 1795.
Barillon
d’Amoncourt, Paul, Marquis de Branges
1630-1691. French ambassador to
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec1 His despatches from
He was a lawyer of
BkXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1
A pamphlet of his on the Coronation (unknown.)
1797-1833. An engineer
he was Henri V’s principal teacher. He remained in
BkXXXVII:Chap2:Sec1 In Prague in 1833.
BkXXXVII:Chap3:Sec1 Chateaubriand takes his part.
BkXXXIX:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXLI:Chap5:Sec1 Fallen from grace in late 1833.
Barras,
Paul François Jean Nicholas, Vicomte de
1755-1829. A French revolutionary, of a noble
family, he joined the Jacobins in the Revolution and was a member of the
Convention. He participated in the reprisals against counter-revolutionaries in
Toulon after the recapture of the city from
the British (1793). Having turned against the revolutionary dictator Maximilien
Robespierre, Barras was a leader of
the coup against him on 9 Thermidor (
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec1 One of the Representatives who ordered the siege of Toulon in 1793.
BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1 A friend of Josephine de Beauharnais in 1795.
BkXIX:Chap11:Sec1
Appointed Director of the
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec2
Apparently opposed to Napoleon on the latter’s return to
A village in the Alpes de
Haute
BkXXIII:Chap1:Sec1 Napoleon passed through in March 1815 during his return
from Elba.
.
Commander of the 96th Infantry Regiment (Line)
BkXVI:Chap2:Sec3
A member of the commission which tried the Duc d’Enghien in 1804.
Barrot,
Camille Hyacinthe Odilon
1791-1873. French political leader. An opponent
of the Bourbon restoration, he aided the July Revolution (1830), but he was
disappointed in the bourgeois monarchy of Louis
Philippe. He became a leader of the parliamentary
opposition to the July Monarchy and participated in banquets used to spread
propaganda against the conservative government. He was a moderate in the
February Revolution of 1848, which deposed Louis Philippe and established a
republic. During the presidency of Louis Napoleon (later Emperor Napoleon
III), he briefly headed (1849) the cabinet but was dismissed when Louis
Napoleon replaced his legislative advisers with a personal cabinet. Under the
BkXXIII:Chap2:Sec1 A Royalist at one time.
BkXXXII:Chap1:Sec1 Involved in the July Revolution of 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap6:Sec1 Appointed secretary of the Municipal Commission on
BkXXXII:Chap11:Sec1 Sent by
BkXXXIII:Chap3:Sec1 Appointed as one of the
three Commissioners charged with escorting Charles
X to Cherbourg in 1830.
Barry, Marie-Jeanne
Bécu, Comtesse du
1743-1793. Last
of the mistresses of Louis XV. Although
she exercised little political influence at the French court, her unpopularity
contributed to the decline of the prestige of the crown in the early 1770s. She
was born the illegitimate daughter of lower-class parents. After a convent
education, she worked as a shop assistant, under the name Jeanne Vaubernier, in
a fashion house in
BkV:Chap14:Sec1 BkXXXIV:Chap12:Sec1 BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned.
1795-1863. A liberal lawyer, he was Minister of Justice
1831-1834, a Peer of France, and a Senator of the
BkXXXII:Chap1:Sec1 His advice sought in July 1830.
BkXXXV:Chap8:Sec1 BkXXXV:Chap24:Sec1 Justice Minister in 1832.
1796-1867. A French poet from
BkXXXIV:Chap12:Sec1
Chateaubriand writes to him.
Barthélemy,
Jean-Jacques, Abbé
1716-1795. A French writer and numismatist who while studying for the priesthood, which he
intended to join, devoted much attention to oriental languages, and the study
of classical antiquities, particularly in the department of numismatics. In
1744 he went to Paris with a letter of introduction to M. Gros de Boze,
perpetual secretary of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres and
keeper of the royal collection of medals. He became assistant to M. de Boze. In
1753, upon the death of de Boze, he succeeded to the post and remained in this
position until the Revolution. In 1755 he accompanied the, French ambassador,
M. de Stainville, afterwards duc de Choiseul,
to Italy, where he spent three years in archaeological research. After the fall of his friend
BkIX:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand met him in
Two brothers, they were clerks to the Comte de La Panouse. François (1796-1881) financed
the creation, from 1835, of the Conservatoire of Geneva, and was involved in
industrial and financial projects during the July Monarchy and the
BkXXXIV:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
1635-1685. He was an
Italian Jesuit.
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 He was born in
1727-1815. A Florentine engraver, he studied in
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec2
His engraving of Madame Récamier in 1802.
1739-1823. An American naturalist, born in Philadelphia he was the son of John
Bartram. He is known chiefly for his Travels (1791), in which he
describes his journey (1773-77) through the
BkVIII:Chap2:Sec1
His travels.
c330-379. A hermit before becoming Bishop of Caesarea in
BkIV:Chap3:Sec1 Chateaubriand refers to the Letters.
958-1025. Byzantine
Emperor from 976.
BkXXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
Not Basil III as stated.
St. Basiliscus of Comana was from
BkXX:Chap9:Sec3
Mentioned.
The city and canton, of northern
BkXXII:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXIII:Chap11:Sec1 BkXXIII:Chap12:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXXV:Chap11:Sec1
BkXXXV:Chap11:Sec2
Chateaubriand there in August 1832. He had previously passed through in July
1826 on his way from Lausanne to
BkXXXVI:Chap4:Sec1
Chateaubriand arrived in
BkXXXVI:Chap5:Sec1
Chateaubriand alludes to the schism in the Canton of Basel in 1833 whereby the
Bourgeois opposed ‘Regeneration’ while the countryside favoured the new
constitution.
c555-620 A hermit and miracles
worker, born in
BkIX:Chap12:Sec1 Mentioned.
Gardener at Saint-Servan
in 1798.
BkIV:Chap5:Sec1
Signed the death certificate of Chateaubriand’s mother.
Bassompierre,
François Baron de, Marshal of France
1579-1646. Under Henry
IV he distinguished himself in the army and as a courtier, and after
Henry’s death remained loyal to the queen, Marie de' Medici, during her
regency. Subsequently he was ambassador to
BkIV:Chap8:Sec2 BkIV:Chap8:Sec4 Chateaubriand quotes an edited extract from the Mémoires.
BkXXXVII:Chap8:Sec1 See the Memoirs. The young widow was named Anna-Esther Percherstoris, the date was 1604.
BkXXXVII:Chap14:Sec1
Quoted. See the Memoirs.
1800-1870. He succeeded Carrel at the National in 1834, before
becoming Foreign Minister under Cavaignac in 1848.
BkXXXII:Chap5:Sec1
At the Tuileries on
BkXXXII:Chap16:Sec1
At the Palais-Royal on
On
BkI:Chap1:Sec5. BkV:Chap10:Sec1 BkV:Chap14:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkV:Chap3:Sec1 BkV:Chap15:Sec3 Among the Bretons imprisoned in the Bastille in July 1788 and released in the September when Loménie de Brienne was dismissed, were the Comte de Trémargat, the Chevalier de Guer, and the Marquis de la Rouërie.
BkV:Chap8:Sec2
Chateaubriand witnessed the taking of the Bastille on
BkV:Chap9:Sec1 The impact of the Bastille’s fall on the Court.
BkII:Chap7:Sec5 Washington showed his guests a key from the Bastille.
BkXXII:Chap11:Sec1 The cleared site in 1814.
BkXXII:Chap18:Sec1
On
1684-1775. Member
of Parliament for Cirencester, he was an opponent of Walpole. The earl associated with the poets and
scholars of the time. He is described in Sterne’s Letters to Eliza; was the
subject of a graceful reference on the part of Burke speaking in the House of
Commons; and the letters which passed between him and Pope are published in Pope's
Works, vol. viii. (London, 1872).
BkXXVII:Chap6:Sec1 See Letters
to Eliza: March 1767.
1762-1834. A British statesman, he was Member of Parliament
for Cirencester from 1783 until he succeeded to the earldom in 1794. Mainly as
a result of his friendship with William Pitt,
he was a lord of the Admiralty (1783-89), a lord of the Treasury (1789-91), and
commissioner of the Board of Control for
BkXXIV:Chap11:Sec1
He spoke in the House of Lords on
BkXXVII:Chap6:Sec1 A portrait of him.
BkXXVII:Chap9:Sec1 Temporarily Foreign Secretary after Castlereagh’s suicide.
d 1824 aged 16. The ‘young Englishwoman’ mentioned was a
daughter of Sir Benjamin Bathurst, (former Ambassador Extraordinary to
BkXXVII:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXIX:Chap14:Sec1
Mentioned.
1792-1862. Editor of Le Temps, Prefect of Police (1830), he was a Deputy (1830-139 and 1840-1846), Counsellor of State, and Director-General of Bridges, Roads and Mines briefly in 1830.
BkXXV:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXXII:Chap2:Sec1 He defended the freedom of the Press in 1830. When the Police commissioner arrived to seize the news-presses of Le Temps, he locked the doors and read the Penal Code, enshrining public freedoms, from the window to the crowd below.
BkXXXII:Chap6:Sec1
Active on
BkXXXII:Chap8:Sec1
BkXXXIII:Chap1:Sec1
Named as Commissioner for the Interior of the Municipal Commission,
BkXXXIV:Chap11:Sec1 He drafted the original proposition regarding the banishment of Charles X and his family.
Baudin
(Baudain), Nicolas-Thomas, Captain
1754-1803. After
a career in merchant shipping, and in the navy during the American War of
Independence he captained ships taking Austrian botanists to the Indian and
Pacific Oceans. In October 1800 he was selected to lead an expedition to map
the coast of Australia. He had two ships, Le Géographe and Le
Naturaliste (Captain Hamelin), and was accompanied by nine zoologists and
botanists, including Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour. He reached Australia
in May 1801, and in April 1802 met Matthew Flinders, also engaged in charting
the coastline, in Encounter Bay. Baudin then stopped at the British colony at Sydney
for supplies. In Sydney he bought a new ship — Casurina — named after
the wood it was made from. From there he sent home Le Naturaliste, which
had on board all of the specimens that had been discovered by Baudin and his
crew. He then headed for Tasmania, before continuing north to Timor. Baudin
then sailed for home, stopping at Mauritius, where he died of tuberculosis.t-two year-old in 1800.
BkXX:Chap2:Sec2
Mentioned.
Baudus,
Marie-Élie-Guillaume de
1786-1858. Lieutenant-Colonel, he was aide-de-camp to Soult. He was aide-de-camp to Bessières in
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1 BkXXI:Chap4:Sec2 Quoted and referenced.
Bauffremont-Courtenay, Théodore-Paul-Alexandre, Prince de
1793-1853.
Aide du camp to the Duc de Berry,
then the Duc de Bordeaux,
he had been a Lieutenant-Colonbel of Cavalry, resigning in 1830.
BkXXXIX:Chap2:Sec1 He married Élisabeth de Montmorency in 1819.
BkXLI:Chap3:Sec1 In
BkXLI:Chap6:Sec1 At Bustehrad,
Bauffremont-Courtenay, Anne-Élisabeth-Laurence de Montmorency,
Princesse de
1802-1860. The wife of Théodore,
and daughter of the Duc de Montmorency.
BkXXXIX:Chap2:Sec1 She agreed to accompany the Duchess de Berry to Prague if her husband might join her.
BkXXXIX:Chap20:Sec1
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 Her
arrival in
BkXLI:Chap3:Sec1
Travelling via
BkXLI:Chap6:Sec1
At Bustehrad,
The battle fought on May 21, 1813,
resulted in a French victory by Napoléon over Prussia under Blücher
and Russia under Wittgenstein.
BkXXII:Chap4:Sec1
BkXXIII:Chap1:Sec1
BkXXIII:Chap14:Sec1
Mentioned.
1756-1825. King
of Bavaria 1895-1825, his second marriage, in 1797, was to Karoline von Baden
(1776-1841).
BkXXXVI:Chap11:Sec1 Mentioned.
1786-1868. Son of Maximilian, he was King of Bavaria 1825-1848.
Bavoux,
Jacques-François-Nicholas
1774-1848. Professor at the Law Faculty and a Paris Deputy,
he held the Police Post for only 48 hours in July 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap8:Sec1
Appointed to the Police Department by the Municipal Commission,
Bayard,
Pierre du Terrail, Chevalier de
1475-1524. The French knight and national hero, was renowned
for his bravery. He has become the outstanding type of chivalry and was known
as the knight sans peur et sans reproche (without fear and without
reproach).
BkXI:Chap3:Sec2 BkXXXIX:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXIV:Chap6:Sec1 Page to the Duke of Savoy in his youth.
BkXVIII:Chap5:Sec2
Quoted from the Memoirs of Martin Du
Bellay.
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2
He was present at the
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec3 BkXXXIII:Chap3:Sec1 The reference is to Bayard as reported in Le Loyal Serviteur. His mother was Hélène Alleman, of a noble family, whose brother Laurent was the Bishop of Grenoble.
Bayle,
1647-1706. The French philosopher and critic, is considered the progenitor of 18th-century rationalism, he compiled the famous Dictionnaire historique et critique (1697) and championed the cause of religious tolerance.
BkXIII:Chap10:Sec2
His criticism of Spinoza’s pantheism
1755-c1811/13. Elected to the National Convention
(1792-1795) as a deputy for the department of Bouches-du-Rhône; he served on
the committees for commerce and legislation; and voted for the death sentence
at the trial of Louis XVI, demanding that the king be executed within 24 hours;
appointed a member of the Comité de
sûreté générale (Committee of General Security) (14 Sep 1793 - 1 Sep 1794)
he served as President of the National Convention (22 Oct 1793 - 6 Nov 1793).
Proscribed after the assassination
attempt on Napoleon (
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec1 BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
A
BkX:Chap5:Sec1 BkX:Chap6:Sec1 Contracted to print the Essai, subject to a promise of reimbursement for poor sales.
BkX:Chap6:Sec2 Printing suspended, and Chateaubriand moves lodging.
BkX:Chap7:Sec1 Peltier suggests Chateaubriand continues writing the Essai.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1 The Essai was printed in 1797 and appeared on the 18th of March.
A town in south-west
BkI:Chap1:Sec9 Chateaubriand’s father in transit there.
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec1 Chateaubriand there in 1807.
BkXX:Chap7:Sec1
The Treaty of Bayonne of May 1808 sent the Spanish royal family into exile and
brought Joseph to the throne of
A town in northern
BkXXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1
Chateaubriand there
He was Commander of the 4th Regiment Light Infantry.
BkXVI:Chap2:Sec3
A member of the commission which tried the Duc d’Enghien in 1804.
A small town near Combourg.
BkIII:Chap13:Sec1
Doctor Cheftel lived there.
1266-1290. Bice, or Beatrice Portinari was the daughter of
Folco de’ Portinari, who died in 1288. She died young in June of 1290. Dante first saw her as a child of eight, in May
1274, when he was nine years old and she was eight. His love for her inspired
the Vita Nuova and the Divine Comedy. In his works she
personifies Divine Philosphy.
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2 Mentioned.
BkXXXIX:Chap15:Sec1
Canova regarded Madame Récamier as her embodiment.
1735-1803. A Scottish
poet and essayist, he was educated at
BkXII:Chap3:Sec1 Mentioned. His health worsened after losing his younger son in 1796. Both his sons died of tuberculosis.
BkXII:Chap4:Sec1
Influence of The Minstrel on Byron.
Beaufort,
Seigneury and Sires of
BkI:Chap1:Sec4 BkI:Chap1:Sec8 A branch of the Chateaubriand Family. Note Briant de Chateaubriand (born about 1240), son of Geoffroy IV, married Jeanne de Beaufort (about 1257). Note also Jean de Chateaubriad (c1531) and François de Chateaubriand, both Seigneurs de Beaufort.
BkI:Chap3:Sec1
The Lordship of Beaufort passed to the Goyon
family.
Beauharnais, Alexandre, Vicomte de
1760-1794. A French general, born in
BkXIX:Chap11:Sec1 Married to Josephine in 1779.
Beauharnais, Marie-Josèphe-Rose de Tascher, Vicomtesse de
See Joséphine.
Son of Josephine. See Prince Eugène.
Daughter of Josephine. See Queen Hortense.
Beaujolais,
Louis Charles, d’Orléans, Comte de
1799-1808. The youngest brother of Louis-Philippe.
BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec2 Madame Récamier meets him at the Opera in 1802.
Beaulieu,
Jean-Pierre, General de
1725-1819. Austrian general who retired in 1796 after a
series of defeats in
BkXIX:Chap12:Sec1
The Italian Campaign of 1796.
13th century. He
was Confessor to Saint Louis of
France, and wrote a life of the King.
BkXLI:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
Beaumarchais,
Pierre-Augustin Caron de
1732-1799. The French dramatist was the author of Le Mariage de Figaro (1778) which inspired operas by Mozart and Rossini. He undertook secret missions abroad for Louis XV and Louis XVI, supplied arms to the American revolutionaries and sponsored the first edition of Voltaire’s works.
BkIV:Chap12:Sec4 Mentioned.
BkV:Chap3:Sec1 The stir caused by the Mariage de Figaro.
BkV:Chap14:Sec1
The third part of his Figaro trilogy, La
Mère coupable, or L’autre Tartuffe
was first performed in June 1792.
1703-1781. Archbishop of Paris from 1746 to 1781,
he opposed the Encyclopedists, with little success. His pastoral letter against
Émile earned him a famous response
from Rousseau
in 1762.
BkXIII:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
Beaumont,
Pauline-Marie-Michelle-Frédérique-Ulrique de Montmorin-Saint-Hérem, Comtesse de
1768-
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1 Description and relationship.
BkXIII:Chap8:Sec1 BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1 Invited Chateaubriand to Savigny in 1801.
BkXIII:Chap9:Sec1 Monsieur Julien loaned her his box at the theatre.
BkXIV:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec3 She
was moving towards death in the spring of 1803, which influenced
Chateaubriand’s acceptance of the
BkXIV:Chap8:Sec1 Bertin witnessed her death with Chateaubriand.
BkXV:Chap1:Sec1
Her will, dated
BkXV:Chap2:Sec1
Her journey to
BkXV:Chap4:Sec1 BkXVII:Chap3:Sec1 BkXVII:Chap3:Sec2 Her death.
BkXV:Chap5:Sec1 Her funeral. Chateaubriand slightly misquotes an epitaph from the Palatine Anthology, VII:346, on Sabinus.
BkXV:Chap6:Sec1 BkXXVIII:Chap18:Sec1 Letters of regret concerning her.
BkXVI:Chap1:Sec1
BkXVIII:Chap5:Sec2
Her cypress tree in
BkXVII:Chap1:Sec1 Her former circle.
BkXVII:Chap6:Sec1 The effect of her death on Lucile.
BkXIX:Chap11:Sec1 She lived in the Yonne valley in 1795.
BkXX:Chap3:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap9:Sec1 Her death recalled.
BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXIX:Chap10:Sec1
Chateaubriand visited her tomb which he had erected, in the
BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap5:Sec1 BkXXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
Beaumont,
Gustave-Auguste de, see Montmorin
The Sub-Prefect of Calvi, he was the author of Observations on Corsica, 1822.
BkXIX:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
Beausset-Roquefort,
correctly Bausset, Louis François Joseph, Baron de
1770-1833. Prefect of the
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1
Visits Napoleon in
Beausset, for Bausset, Louis François, Cardinal de
1748-1824. The
French cardinal, writer, and statesman, was born at Pondichery, where his
father held an administrative position. He became Bishop of Alais, in
BkXVIII:Chap8:Sec1 His letter to Chateaubriand of 1811.
Beauvau,
Charles-Juste, Duc de
1720-1793. Marshal of France, Member of the Academy, Minister of Louis XVI (1789).
BkIV:Chap9:Sec2 The King’s hunting ground in the forest of Saint-Germain leased by him to the King.
The market town is in eastern
BkX:Chap7:Sec1 The parson, an antiquarian. Chateaubriand sets out to meet him, with the possibility of translation work to follow. Chateaubriand resided there for a few years.
BkX:Chap9:Sec1
BkX:Chap9:Sec2 Six miles
from Bungay.
A medieval fortress town in
BkI:Chap6:Sec2
Once part of the
BkI:Chap7:Sec3
Visible from Combourg.
Becker, correctly Beker, Nicholas-Léonard Baget, Comte de Mons
1770-1840. A Revolutionary General, Desaix’s brother-in-law, he was in 1809 the
Governor of Belle-Île. In 1815, he helped organize the defence of
BkXXIV:Chap2:Sec1
Left Malmaison with Napoleon on
Bedée,
Ange-Annibal de, Seigneur de la Bouëtardais
1696-1761. Maternal grandfather of Chateaubriand. Died January 1761.
BkI:Chap1:Sec11 Mentioned.
Bedée,
Bénigne-Jeanne-Marie de Ravenel du Boisteilleul
1698-1795 The wife of Ange-Annibal,
she was born at Rennes
BkI:Chap1:Sec11 Educated at Saint-Cyr.
BkI:Chap3:Sec1 Her property around Corseul and Plancoët.
BkI:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXVI:Chap6:Sec1 BkXLII:Chap5:Sec1 Chateaubriand went to stay with her, at the age of seven.
Bedée,
Apolline-Jeanne-Suzanne de
The daughter of Ange-Annibal, she was sister to Marie Ginguené. She was Chateaubriand’s mother. See Apolline Chateaubriand
1762-1849 Daughter of Marie-Antoine-Bénigne de Bedée, and cousin of Chateaubriand, who corresponded with her throughout his life.
BkI:Chap4:Sec2 Mentioned.
BkXI:Chap6:Sec1 A description of her.
1765-1815. Daughter of Marie-Antoine-Bénigne de Bedée, and cousin of Chateaubriand.
BkI:Chap4:Sec2 Mentioned.
Bedée,
Flore de, Dame de Blossac
1766-1851. Daughter of Marie-Antoine-Bénigne de Bedée, and cousin of Chateaubriand, who corresponded with her throughout his life.
BkI:Chap4:Sec2 Mentioned.
Bedée,
Marie-Angélique-Fortunée-Cecile-Renée Ginguené de Lévenière, Madame de
1729-1823 Wife of
Marie-Antoine-Bénigne de Bedée, and aunt of
Chateaubriand. Married
BkI:Chap4:Sec2 BkX:Chap3:Sec3 BkXXVI:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
Bedée, Marie-Annibal-Joseph de, Comte de La Bouëtardais
1758-1809. Son of
Marie-Antoine-Bénigne de Bedée, and cousin of
Chateaubriand. He was a councillor of the Parlement
de Bretagne, and a colleague there of Jean-Baptiste de
Chateaubriand, and later a companion in
BkI:Chap4:Sec2 Mentioned.
BkX:Chap4:Sec1 BkX:Chap6:Sec2 BkXXVII:Chap3:Sec1
BkXXXIV:Chap8:Sec1
Chateaubriand shared lodgings with him in
BkX:Chap7:Sec1 Dragged off to dine with Peltier et al.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1
Married Agathe Gilart in
Bedée, Marie-Antoine-Bénigne, Comte de
1727-1807 Son of Ange-Annibal, he
was maternal uncle of Chateaubriand, emigrant, in
BkI:Chap3:Sec1 He built the Chateau of Monchoix at Plancoët, and settled there after the death of his father in January 1761. His mother and her sister Suzanne-Émilie lodged in what is now part of the village at 43 Rue de l’Abbaye (the house is extant).
BkI:Chap4:Sec2 Description of his establishment.
BkII:Chap10:Sec2 Chateaubriand visits him in 1783-4.
BkV:Chap7:Sec1
Present at the
BkIX:Chap1:Sec1 With Chateaubriand’s mother at Saint-Malo in January 1792.
BkIX:Chap2:Sec1 Emigrated to Jersey in July 1792.
BkIX:Chap16:Sec1
Chateaubriand decided to try and join him in
BkX:Chap3:Sec1
BkX:Chap3:Sec3 Chateaubriand
joins him in
BkX:Chap4:Sec1
Chateaubriand lodges in
BkX:Chap6:Sec2 He passes Chateaubriand a gift of money from his family.
BkX:Chap8:Sec1 He informs Chateaubriand of his relatives’ suffering during the Terror.
BkXI:Chap6:Sec1 Chateaubriand’s farewell to his uncle.
Bedford,
John Russell, 6th Duke of
1766-1839. Duke of Bedford (1802-1839), like most of the Russells, he was a Whig in politics, and served
as Lord Lieutenant of
BkXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
He fought a duel in
1770-1827. The great German composer, born in
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec1
Chateaubriand refers to a letter of
A House of Beguines. The Beguines are members of a
BkXXIII:Chap7:Sec1
The Old Great Beguinage of St.
Elisabeth in
Beker, see Becker
A Mameluke.
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec1
Executed after the fall of Jaffa in 1799.
The town is in a strategic position in north-eastern
BkXLII:Chap3:Sec1
The scene of the republican Belfort Conspiracy in the military in December
1821/January 1822 (in which Carrel
was involved) and of further Carbonari insurrections in 1822.
Belgiojoso,
Maria Christina Trivulzio, Princess
1808-1871. A Princess by marriage (1824) she left
BkXXXIV:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXXV:Chap15:Sec1
The owner of the delightful villa which Chateaubriand had viewed but found too
expensive.
1761-1826. An advocate in
BkXXV:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
The 26-gun frigate
Belle-Poule (1765), famous for her duel against the English frigate HMS Arethusa
on June 17, 1778, which initiated the French intervention in the American War
of Independence. She was captured by the British in 1780.
BkIX:Chap9:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXIV:Chap16:Sec1
A third Belle Poule (1828-1888), commanded
by the Prince de Joinville, was
used in 1840 to transport the remains of Napoleon
from
The first HMS Bellerophon
of the Royal Navy was a 74-gun ship of the line launched
BkXXIV:Chap3:Sec1 Napoleon sends a letter to the Prince Regent via her.
BkXXIV:Chap4:Sec1
Napoleon conveyed to her by the Épervier.
A hill-top traditionally working-class district it is situated
in north-east
BkXXII:Chap11:Sec1 Fighting there in 1814.
BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1
The earliest roller coasters descended
from Russian winter sled rides held on specially constructed hills of ice,
especially around
The Château de Bellevue near Sèvres
was the home of Madame de Pompadour.
BkXXXIII:Chap1:Sec1
Mentioned.
Belliard
et de l’Empire, Augustin-Daniel, Comte de
1769-1832. A French general, he fought in
BkXXI:Chap1:Sec1 At Smolensk in 1812.
c1430-1516. He was a noted
Venetian Renaissance painter.
BkXXXIX:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.
The capital city of the
BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
Secretary to the Rome Embassy in 1829, a career diplomat, he
had been posted to
BkXXX:Chap5:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXX:Chap10:Sec1
Chargé d’Affaires in May 1829.
Belloy,
Henriette Picault, Vicomtesse de
1769-1838. Born in San Domingo, she took refuge in
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand met her at Mrs Lindsay’s.
Belsunce
(or Belzunce), Viscomte Henri de
1765-1789 Major in the Bourbon Infantry, assassinated by the
crowd at Caen on
BkIX:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
Belzunce
(or Belsunce), Henri-François-Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron
1671-1755. Bishop of Marseilles from 1709, he was a hero of
the plague of 1720-1721.
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec3 His connection with Marseilles.
BkXXXIV:Chap14:Sec1
Quotation from a letter of
1470-1547. An Italian
scholar, he was secretary to Pope Leo X from 1513-1521, and was made Cardinal
in 1539. His most important work was Prose
della vulgar lingua (1525). Rime
(1530) is a collection of his Italian poetry.
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 He was born in
BkXL:Chap5:Sec1 His tomb in
In
BkXX:Chap8:Sec1
The Battle of Benavente was fought on
Bénévent
(
Benedict
XIV, Prospero Lorenzo
Lambertini, Pope
1675-1758. Pope
(1740–58), he was the successor to Clement
XII. He patronized learning and welcomed scholars and artists to his court.
BkXX:Chap9:Sec1 The nickname for the 2 carlini coin he issued in 1747 was the papetto or little pope.
BkXXIX:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap2:Sec2 Mentioned.
Benedict
Labre, Benoît-Joseph Labre, Saint
1745-1783. French mendicant and Roman Catholic saint. At the
age of sixteen, he attempted to join the Trappists, Carthusians, and
Cistercians, but each order rejected him as unsuitable for communal life. He
therefore settled on a life of poverty and pilgrimage. He travelled to most of
the major shrines of
BkIX:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
Benedictines are members
of the Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict of Nursia (c480-550) the father
of Western Monasticism. His monastic rule involved government by an elected
abbot, residence in one place, obedience, prayers (The Divine Office), common
ownership, and a life of work, prayer and study. The first foundation was at
Monte Cassino.
BkXIII:Chap11:Sec1 Noted scholars and educators.
Bennigsen,
Levin August Gottlieb Theophil (Leonty Leontyevich), Count von
1745-1826. A Russian general, he took part in the conspiracy to assassinate Tsar Paul I, but his role in the actual killing
remains a matter of conjecture. Tsar Alexander
I made him governor-general of Lithuania in 1801, and in 1802 a general of
cavalry. He encountered Napoleon at Eylau, but six months later met with the crushing
defeat of Friedland the direct
consequence of which was the treaty of Tilsit.
He was present at Borodino. After the death of Kutuzov
he was placed at the head of an army. Bennigsen led one of the columns which
made the decisive attack on the last day of the battle of Leipzig in 1813. After the general peace he
held a command from 1825 to 1818, when he retired from active service and
settled on his Hanoverian estate of Bantein near Hildesheim.
BkXXI:Chap1:Sec1 Napoleon’s comment on him in June 1812.
BkXXI:Chap4:Sec3
His meeting with Murat.
The gardener at the Vallée-aux-Loups.
BkXVIII:Chap5:Sec2 Mentioned.
1809?-1832. A murderer,
condemned to death after a lengthy trial on
BkXXXV:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.
Benoni,
Giuseppe
1618-1684. An architect who worked mainly on hydraulic
planning and engineering in
BkXXXIX:Chap19:Sec1
His work on the Dogana di Mare or marine customs house in
1797-1844. An English lawyer who travelled to
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec1
His Sketches of
Bentivolgio, Cornelio, Cardinal
1668-1732. He
was Nuncio to
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 He was born in
1506-1573. He was an Italian author.
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1
He was born in
Bentivolgio, Guido,
Cardinal
1579-1641. He was an Inquistor-General who signed Galileo’s
condemntation, and an author, of the famous Bolognese family that had been
expelled from
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1
He was born in
Benvenuti, Antonio, Cardinal
1765-1838. Cardinal from 1826, he carried out the
administrative functions of the Curia. He was Cardinal-Legate at
BkXXIX:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXX:Chap1:Sec2 A possible contender for the Papacy in 1829.
BkXXX:Chap4:Sec1
Supported as a Papal candidate by
1500-1571. An Italian
sculptor, metalsmith, and author, his remarkable autobiography (written
1558–62) is one of the most important documents of the Italian 16th cent.
Banished from
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec2 Francis I was his friend and patron.
BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 See the Memoirs.
Benzoni,
Marina Querini, Contessa
d. after 1833 and before
1841. Her famous salon in
BkXXXIX:Chap17:Sec1 Chateaubriand attends
her salon in
1796-1838. A Journalist on the Journal des Débats, a relative worked for the National.
BkXXXII:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
1780-1857 French lyric poet. He was a protégé of Lucien Bonaparte and a friend of some of the most eminent
men of his day. His first collection of songs, published in 1815, was
immediately popular. He fitted his verse to popular melodies, and he used his
poems largely to express republican and Bonapartist ideas, for which he was
twice imprisoned. He published editions of his songs, Chansons, in 1815 and 1833.
BkXII:Chap4:Sec2 BkXXVIII:Chap17:Sec1 BkXXXIV:Chap10:Sec1 His song in tribute to Chateaubriand.
BkXIII:Chap1:Sec1 His song of 1829, The Old Lance-Corporal, Le Vieux Caporal, an anti-monarchist lyric.
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec2 Quoted regarding his admiration for Bonaparte.
BkXXIV:Chap6:Sec1 His pro-Bonaparte song Les Souvenirs du Peuple. The Grandmother appears in the refrain.
BkXXVIII:Chap17:Sec1 Reference to a verse of his of September 1831: À Monsieur de Chateaubriand’. See Book XXXIV:10
BkXXXIV:Chap8:Sec1
Dined with Chateaubriand in
BkXXXIV:Chap9:Sec1 He was introduced to Chateaubriand by Hortense Allart in early 1830. His songs naming Lisette, the archetypal Parisian grisette, were extremely popular.
BkXXXV:Chap7:Sec1 Visits Chateaubriand under house arrest in 1832.
BkXXXV:Chap10:Sec1 Chateaubriand writes to him in August 1832.
BkXXXV:Chap17:Sec1 He writes to Chateaubriand at Lucerne in August 1832.
BkXXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1 Chateaubriand adapts verse 2 of his song La Vivandière of 1816, with the name Javotte replacing the original Catin.
BkXXXVIII:Chap7:Sec1 A reference to his song Le Roi d’Yvetot (1823).
BkXXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.
1783-1859. A banker, Deputy for the
BkXXXII:Chap8:Sec1
Active on
1798-1886? He served the Legitimist cause, and was arrested
for publishing a series of pamphlets under the title Cancans in 1831. He was sentenced to 14 years in prison in January
1832, left for
BkXXXV:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
A town located in
the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. Despite its small size, it
is an administrative center akin to a ‘county seat’. It lies on the road that
connects Prague with Pilsen and with Bavaria, Germany. It is approximately 40
km from the center of Prague
BkXXXVI:Chap12:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in May 1833.
BkI:Chap1:Sec3
Mentioned by Chateaubriand.
Bérenger
V, Raymond, Count of
1209-1245. Of his famous daughters, Margaret married Louis
IX of
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec3 Connected with Marseilles.
A mythical fountain in the
BkI:Chap6:Sec2
Mentioned by Wace.
A river in Belarus
and a tributary of the Dnieper River. The Battle of Berezina took place November
26-29, 1812 between the French army of Napoleon, retreating after his invasion
of Russia and crossing the Berezina (near Barysau, now in Belarus), and the
Russian army under Kutuzov. The battle
ended with a partial victory for the Russians. The French suffered heavy
losses. Since then ‘Berezina’ has been used in French as a synonym for catastrophe.
BkXXI:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXI:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXII:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
A market town and a sous-préfecture of the Dordogne
département in France. The region is often called the ‘Gateway to the Périgord’.
BkXXXI:Chap1:Sec2 Chateaubriand was there in July 1829. Bergerac
has no connection with Cyrano, who was born in
Bergerac, Savinien de
Cyrano de
1619-1655. A French dramatist and duellist born in
BkXXXI:Chap1:Sec2
The quotation is from his tragedy The
Death of Agrippina (1654), a profession of atheism made by Sejanus before
conspiring against Tiberius.
The capital city and a
BkIV:Chap1:Sec1 BkIV:Chap2:Sec1 BkIV:Chap3:Sec1 BkIV:Chap4:Sec1 BkIV:Chap6:Sec1 BkIV:Chap7:Sec1 BkIV:Chap8:Sec1 BkIV:Chap9:Sec1 Chateaubriand wrote this chapter there. He was
nominated as envoy to
BkXVI:Chap6:Sec1 Chateaubriand did not take up his post in
BkXVI:Chap9:Sec1 Madame de Stael there in 1804. She stayed in an apartment on the bank of the River Spree.
BkXX:Chap6:Sec1 The Berlin Decree was a decree of Napoleon of
BkXXII:Chap3:Sec1 Cossacks entered the city on
BkXXII:Chap4:Sec1 Bernadotte defeated Ney at Dennewitz near Berlin on
BkXXII:Chap13:Sec1 Plundered by Napoleon.
BkXXV:Chap13:Sec1 Chateaubriand is promised the
BkXXVI:Chap1:Sec1 BkXXVI:Chap2:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap11:Sec1
Chateaubriand arrived in
BkXXVI:Chap3:Sec1 The Botanical Gardens mentioned (since moved to Steglitz) were in the Schoeneberg district. Chateaubriand visited them in February 1821.
BkXXVI:Chap6:Sec1
BkXXVI:Chap9:Sec1 The
Charlottenburg Palace is the largest in
BkXXVI:Chap6:Sec1
Chateaubriand left
BkXXVII:Chap3:Sec2
Lord Clanwilliam was the British
Ambassador in
Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste-Jules, King of
1763-1844. He
became King of Sweden and
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1
BkXX:Chap11:Sec1 King
of
BkXIX:Chap13:Sec1
French Ambassador in
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec2
Apparently opposed to Napoleon on the latter’s return to
BkXXII:Chap4:Sec1
Saw Moreau in
BkXXII:Chap4:Sec1
He defeated Ney at Dennewitz near Berlin on
BkXXII:Chap6:Sec1 The defection of the Saxons and Wurtembergers to him at Leipzig in 1813 decided the outcome of the battle.
BkXXII:Chap 24:Sec1 Chateaubriand is offered the Swedish embassy in 1814.
BkXXIII:Chap11:Sec2 Chateaubriand pokes fun at his pretensions.
BkXXVIII:Chap18:Sec1 Described by Constant.
BkXXXIII:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
1090-1153. French
monastic reformer and political figure. Widely known for his piety and
mysticism, he was instrumental in the condemnation of Peter Abelard and in rallying support for the
Second Crusade.
BkXIII:Chap10:Sec2 Mentioned.
BkXVII:Chap5:Sec1
His condemnation of Abelard at the Council at Sens in 1140.
Bernardin
de Saint Pierre, Jacques-Henri
1737-1814. A French naturalist and author, he was a friend
of Rousseau, by whom he was
strongly influenced. His chief work, Les Études de la nature (1784-88),
sought to prove the existence of God from the wonders of nature; it is rich in
descriptive passages, and added specific colour terms and plant names to the
French language. A section of this was the sentimental prose idyll Paul et
Virginie (1788), which attained an immense vogue and influenced the French
romanticists.
BkIX:Chap2:Sec1 BkXLII:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkX:Chap3:Sec2 The reference is obscure.
BkXII:Chap4:Sec2 Les Études de la nature influenced Chateaubriand.
BkXXIV:Chap9:Sec1
A reference to Paul et Virginie set
in
The Swiss capital on the River Aare, it joined the Swiss
Confederation in 1353 and became the capital in 1848.
BkXXXV:Chap20:Sec1
The dissensions of 1832 were part of the constitutional reform movement known
as the Regeneration.
1779-1852. Governor of Rome 1820-1826, Cardinal 1826, he was
Secretary of State for the Roman Curia from June 1828
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec3
He allowed the local authorities to lodge the Chateaubriands in the
BkXXIX:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand meets him in
BkXXIX:Chap4:Sec1 A description of the man.
BkXXIX:Chap15:Sec1 Chateaubriand discusses him with the Pope.
BkXXIX:Chap17:Sec1 Discusses the Pope’s health with Chateaubriand.
BkXXX:Chap1:Sec2 An anti-Jesuit voter.
BkXXX:Chap6:Sec2 BkXXX:Chap8:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXL:Chap3:Sec1
Quoted in 1833.
Bernis,
François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis, Cardinal de
1715-1794. A French statesman and Cardinal, he became known as one of the most expert epigrammatists
at Louis XV’s court, and by his verses won
the friendship of Madame de Pompadour,
the royal mistress. In 1751 he was appointed to the French embassy at Venice.
He took an important part in the delicate negotiations between France and Austria
which preceded the Seven Years War. He became secretary for foreign affairs on June
27, 1757, but owing to his attempts to counteract the spendthrift policy of the
Marquise de Pompadour fell into disgrace and in 1758 was banished to Soissons
by Louis XV. The previous November he had been created cardinal by Clement XIII.
Later recalled he became Archbishop of Albi in 1764, then Ambassador in Rome in
1769 until dismissed by the Revolution.
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1
Once owned Plessis-Chamant, near Senlis.
BkXXVI:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.
Bernstorff,
Count Christian Günther von
1769-1835. A Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat, he
followed Metternich’s European policy.
BkXXVI:Chap1:Sec1
Minister for Foreign Affairs in
BkXXVI:Chap10:Sec1 Chateaubriand informs him of his resignation in July 1821.
BkXXVIII:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned in 1824.
BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1 He died in 1835.
Berry,
Charles-Ferdinand, Duc de
1777-1820. The younger son of Charles, Comte d’Artois (later Charles X of France), he served in
the Prince de Condé’s army against
the French Revolutionary forces, joined the Russian Army, and was an émigré in
London for thirteen years. His assassination by a saddler, Louis-Pierre Louvel, during the reign of Louis XVIII — an attempt to extinguish the
Bourbon line—gave the ultra-royalists the opportunity to turn Louis XVIII
against the liberals.
BkIV:Chap1:Sec1 BkXXII:Chap19:Sec1 BkXXXVIII:Chap1:Sec1 His assassination mentioned.
BkIX:Chap16:Sec1 Chateaubriand refers to his Mémoires of the Duc du Berry’s life, published in May 1820. (Part I, Book II.8)
BkX:Chap3:Sec2 BkXXV:Chap11:Sec1 Chateaubriand quotes from his Mémoires, letters et pièces authentiques touchant la vie et la mort de S.A.R. Monseigneur le duc de Berry (Part I, Book III.6 et al). It was published by Le Normant in 1820.
BkXIII:Chap3:Sec1 His burial at Saint Denis in 1820.
BkXVI:Chap2:Sec1
In
Present at the exhumation of the Duc d’Enghien,
BkXVI:Chap5:Sec1 His mortuary chapel.
BkXIX:Chap13:Sec1 During his exile he bore the tile Comte de Chambord.
BkXXIII:Chap3:Sec1 Chateaubriand suggested he leave for Lille in 1815.
BkXXIII:Chap4:Sec1 The Comte d’Artois and the Duc de Berry his son were involved in a fiasco near Béthune (at Gorgues and Estaires), where having been bogged down in the mud after heavy rain their military convoy abandoned its equipment in panic after false news of an imminent attack. A large portion of the King’s treasury was never recovered.
BkXXIII:Chap11:Sec2 It was suggested he marry a sister of Alexander I.
BkXXIII:Chap15:Sec1 In Ghent during the Hundred Days.
BkXXIII:Chap16:Sec1
His courier brings news to
BkXXV:Chap4:Sec1 His apology to the King for disturbing him, in dying.
BkXXV:Chap5:Sec1 BkXXV:Chap13:Sec1 His death indirectly led to Decazes’ fall.
BkXXV:Chap9:Sec1 His death was a pretext for the return of censorship.
BkXXV:Chap11:Sec1 Chateaubriand hears of his assassination in 1820.
BkXXXIV:Chap2:Sec1
The anniversary of his death was marked by a service on
BkXLII:Chap8:Sec1
Chateaubriand favoured the proposed marriage (mooted in 1815) of the Duke with
grand-Duchess Anne, the daughter of Paul I
and sister of Alexander, as a
means of reclaiming the
Berry,
Marie-Caroline de Bourbon, Duchesse de
1798-1870. Wife of Charles-Ferdinand, she was the daughter-in-law of Charles X. Of the Bourbons of Naples, she was imprisoned 1832-33 after trying to stir up the Vendée against Louis-Philippe. She married, 1833, Count Hector de Lucchesi-Palli. She was championed by Chateaubriand.
BkXIII:Chap1:Sec1
Her trips to
BkXXIII:Chap13:Sec1 The ladies dancing attendance on her under the Restoration.
BkXXV:Chap12:Sec1 The presentation of a cradle to her by the women of the Bordeaux Market.
BkXXVIII:Chap16:Sec1
Insulted on the way to the review of the National Guard on
BkXXVIII:Chap17:Sec1 An allusion to Chateaubriand’s support for her.
BkXXXIII:Chap1:Sec1 Her delight in the July 1830 decrees.
BkXXXIII:Chap3:Sec1 BkXXXIII:Chap5:Sec1 The mother of Henri V.
BkXXXIV:Chap12:Sec1 The widow.
BkXXXIV:Chap13:Sec1
In Italy in 1831 she laid plans for an insurrection which would allow her to
exercise the Regency which she believed hers by right on behalf of her son
Henri V. Here secret government of
BkXXXIV:Chap15:Sec1
BkXXXV:Chap1:Sec1 Her
donation of 12000 francs to help the cholera victims in
BkXXXV:Chap3:Sec1 BkXXXV:Chap8:Sec1 Her activites in the Vendée in 1832.
BkXXXV:Chap10:Sec1
She writes to Chateaubriand from
BkXXXV:Chap24:Sec1
She was arrested in hiding at Nantes on
BkXXXV:Chap25:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s Memoir is dated
BkXXXV:Chap25:Sec1 At her arrest she had been hiding behind a fireplace in which the police lit a fire to smoke her out. She resisted for some time before surrendering, hence Chateaubriand’s comparison to the torments of St Lawrence who was grilled alive.
BkXXXV:Chap26:Sec1 The Duchess was obliged to sign, in February 1833, a declaration of a secret Italian marriage, as she was visibly pregnant.
BkXXXVI:Chap2:Sec1
Her letter to Chateaubriand of
BkXXXVI:Chap3:Sec1
She gave birth on
BkXXXVI:Chap5:Sec1 Her hopeless cause.
BkXXXVII:Chap1:Sec1 BkXXXVII:Chap3:Sec1 Chateaubriand carries her letters to Prague in May 1833.
BkXXXVII:Chap9:Sec1
Blacas was Ambassador to
BkXXXVIII:Chap1:Sec1 Chateaubriand delivers her letters to Carlsbad.
BkXXXIX:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand writes to her on his return from
BkXXXIX:Chap2:Sec1
In
BkXXXIX:Chap20:Sec1 Chateaubriand receives news of her.
BkXL:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand meets her in Ferrara, on
BkXL:Chap7:Sec1
In
BkXLI:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand writes to her in
1790-1868. A French lawyer and Royalist politician, he defended the freedom of the press during the reigns of King Louis-Philippe and Napoleon III. He was one of the few Legitimist deputies to be re-elected (for the Haute-Loire) in 1831.
BkXXXV:Chap3:Sec1
He was scheduled to be at Vannes to defend a
Commandant Guillemot on
BkXXXV:Chap6:Sec1 His trial in Nantes.
BkXXXV:Chap8:Sec1
Chateaubriand writes on his behalf. Berryer refused to recognise a military
tribunal. By order of the Court of Cassation of the 30th June, jurisdiction in
civil cases passed to the ordinary courts. Berryer was acquitted at the
Loire-et-Cher assizes on
BkXXXV:Chap24:Sec1
At Geneva
BkXXXV:Chap26:Sec1
Pleads in court in March 1833.
Berstheim,
In 1789 the émigré army achieved an ephemeral success under Condé on the
BkXVI:Chap11:Sec1
Mentioned.
A tutor to the Custine family, from
BkXIV:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1
Writes to Chateaubriand.
Bertazzoli,
Francesco, Cardinal
1754-1830. A Cardinal
from 1823, he was a zelante and
friend of Cappellari who was his heir.
BkXXX:Chap1:Sec2 A pro-Jesuit voter.
A student at the École Polytechnique in July 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
Berthier,
Louis-Alexandre, Marshal of
1753-1815. Marshal of France, he served in the American
Revolution and in the French Revolutionary Wars, distinguishing himself under
Napoleon in
BkXIX:Chap12:Sec2 Napoleon’s early opinion of him.
BkXIX:Chap14:Sec1
Went with Napoleon on the Egyptian
Campaign.
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec2
Returned to
BkXX:Chap11:Sec1 Napoleon gave him the Château of Grosbois in Val-de-Marne in 1805, following the sentencing of General Moreau who had bought it from Barras.
BkXXI:Chap5:Sec1 At Gorodnia during the retreat.
BkXXI:Chap8:Sec1 Accompanied Napoleon during the retreat.
BkXXII:Chap 21:Sec1 Rallied to Louis XVIII at Compiègne in 1814.
BkXXII:Chap 23:Sec1 His allegiance transferred to the Bourbons.
BkXXVIII:Chap4:Sec1
BkXXXVIII:Chap7:Sec1
Prince of Neuchâtel from
Berthois,
Auguste-Marie, Baron de
1787-1870. A Napoleonic officer of engineers, he was named a
Colonel by the Restoration in 1831, a Marshal in 1838, and was Inspector
General of Engineers. He sat in the Chamber of Deputies 1832-1848.
BkXXXII:Chap13:Sec1
At
Berthollet,
Claude-Louis, Comte
1748-1822. A French chemist, his contributions
include the analysis of ammonia and prussic acid and the discovery of the
bleaching properties of chlorine. He collaborated with Antoine Lavoisier in his
researches and in reforming chemical nomenclature and supported him in his
theory of combustion. His greatest contribution was in his Essai de statique
chimique (1803), in which he presented his speculations on chemical
affinity and his discovery of the reversibility of reactions. He went to
BkXIII:Chap11:Sec2 Became a supporter of Napoleon.
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec2
Returned to
Bertier de Sauvigny, Louis-Benigne-François
1737-89. Intendant of Paris, he was killed with his
father-in-law Foullon, on
BkV:Chap9:Sec1 Killed by a crowd along with his father-in-law. His head was carried on a pike through the streets.
Bertier de Sauvigny, Ferdinand de
1772-1867. Son of Louis,
in 1810 he founded the secret society of the Chevaliers de la Foi, aimed at
producing with the Congregation a Catholic Restoration. He formed a royalist
resistance during the Hundred Days, and was made Prefect of Calvados in 1815,
then
BkXXXII:Chap5:Sec1 Royalist advocate in July 1830.
1766-1841. A journalist, called Le Gros Bertin to
distinguish him from his brother he was the proprietor
of the Journal des Débats. He was
implicated in the Roux de Laborie
conspiracy and imprisoned in the
BkXIV:Chap8:Sec1 Chateaubriand’s friendship with him.
BkXV:Chap2:Sec1
Escorted Madame de Beaumont to
BkXVIII:Chap6:Sec1 Advised Chateaubriand regarding Les Martyrs.
BkXXIII:Chap4:Sec1 Chateaubriand found him at Tournai in 1815.
BkXXVIII:Chap2:Sec1 He supports Chateaubriand in the Journal in June 1824.
BkXXX:Chap5:Sec1
He writes to Chateaubriand in
BkXXXV:Chap7:Sec1 He visits Chateaubriand under house arrest in 1832.
BkXXXVII:Chap3:Sec1 Charles X asks after the Bertin brothers in 1833.
Bertin
De Vaux, Louis-François
1771-1842. Journalist and co-proprietor of the Journal des Débats, he was the younger
brother of Bertin. From 1815 to 1817 he was
Secretary-general of the Police Department. He was Deputy for Seine-et-Oise in
1820 and a Councillor of State in 1824. He soon resigned but was re-elected in
November 1827.
BkXIV:Chap8:Sec1 Gave Chateaubriand literary advice.
BkXXIII:Chap4:Sec1 In Tournai in March 1815.
BkXXIX:Chap10:Sec1
Mentioned.
The Captain of the first demi-brigade of veterans in
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec2
Mentioned.
Bertrand,
Henri-Gratien, Comte
1773-1844 French
military engineer and general, friend of Napoleon I and his companion in exile,
first at
BkXXII:Chap 20:Sec2 With Napoleon on his journey to Elba in 1814.
BkXXIV:Chap2:Sec1
Left Malmaison with Napoleon on
BkXXIV:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXIV:Chap10:Sec1 Accompanied Napoleon to St Helena in 1815.
BkXXXV:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned in 1832.
Bertrand,
Francis Elizabeth (Fanny) Dillon, Madame
d. 1836. Wife of Comte Bertrand (1808).
BkXXIV:Chap4:Sec1 BkXXIV:Chap10:Sec1 Accompanied Napoleon to St Helena in 1815 with her husband.
Besenval
de Bronstatt (or Bezenval), Pierre Victor Baron de
1722-1794. French
soldier. He was the son of Jean Victor Besenval, colonel of the regiment of
Swiss guards in the pay of
BkV:Chap14:Sec1
His unworthiness.
Bessarion,
Basilius (John) Cardinal
c1403-1472. Born at
BkXXXIX:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.
Bessières,
Jean-Baptiste, Marshal, Duc d’Istrie
1766-1813. A
Napoleonic Marshal, in the Egyptian
Campaign, he took part in the battles of
BkXXI:Chap4:Sec2 De Baudus his aide-de-camp in 1812.
BkXXI:Chap5:Sec1 At Gorodnia during the retreat.
BkXXI:Chap7:Sec1 At Smorgoni in December 1812.
BkXXI:Chap8:Sec1
Commanded the cavalry during the retreat.
The town is on the
BkXXX:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
A city of ancient
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec2
Mentioned. Chateaubriand’s derivation of Scafet as a name for it is uncertain.
A city and commune
of northern France, sous-préfecture of the Pas-de-Calais département,
it is located in the former province of Artois.
BkXXIII:Chap4:Sec1
The Comte d’Artois and the Duc de
Berry his son were involved in a fiasco near Béthune
(at Gorgues and Estaires), where having been bogged down in the mud after heavy
rain their military convoy abandoned its equipment etc in panic after false
news of an imminent attack. A large portion of the King’s treasury was never
recovered.
Bettio
(or Betio), Abbé Pietro
d.1846. He was Head Librarian
at the Marciana Library (facing the Doge’s Palace) in
BkXXXIX:Chap5:Sec1 Chateaubriand visits him on
BkXXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 Keeper of
the Ducal Palace.
Beugnot,
Jacques Claude, Comte
1761-1835. A French politician, in 1814 he was a member of
the provisional government as Minister of the Interior, and rallied to the
House of Bourbon. Louis XVIII named him
director-general of police and afterwards Naval Minister. He followed Louis to
BkXXII:Chap 24:Sec1 His appointment as Minister of the Interior in 1814.
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1 In Ghent during the Hundred Days.
BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec2
Opposed to Fouché becoming a Minister at the second Restoration.
Bevilacqua,
Bonifazio Aldobrandini, Cardinal
1571-1601. He was
created a Cardinal in 1599.
BkXL:Chap2:Sec4 His association with Tasso.
Pronounced bay, it
is a small town 9km south of Aigle, noted for its salt mining. The Valais
nearby is the Swiss portion of the Rhône valley, and
BkXIV:Chap1:Sec1 BkXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1 BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec1 The Marquise de Custine died there in 1826.
BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1
Chateaubriand there in September 1833.
A city in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of
Preface:Sect3. Chateaubriand recounts a legend of the incident.
BkXXII:Chap8:Sec1 Pius VII passed through on his way back to
1730-1783. Author of Cours de mathèmatiques, a standard mathematics text in the schools. He was a dreaded examiner for the competitive entrance examinations for the Marine Guard at Brest.
BkII:Chap1:Sec1 The text used at Dol College, to
teach Chateaubriand.
A river in the Basque
country of northern Spain it rises near Errazu in the province of Navarre and flows through that territory
for much of its 66 km length. Its last 10 km form part of the border
between France and Spain before flowing into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) between Hendaye, France and Hondarribia, Spain.
BkXXII:Chap4:Sec1
Wellington crossed the river at dawn on
Lake Biel (French: Lac
de Bienne) is a lake in the west of Switzerland. Together with Lake Murten
and Lake Neuchâtel, it is one of the three large lakes in the Jura region of Switzerland.
BkXXVIII:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
Possibly one of the Biercourts of Montreuil.
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned as authorising funds to Napoleon.
Bignon,
Louis Pierre Edouard, Baron
1771-1841. French
diplomatist and historian, he was ambassador in
BkXX:Chap12:Sec1 Ambassador to
Capital of Vizcaya province, Northern Spain, in the Basque
Country, on both banks of the Nervión River, near the Bay of Biscay, it has been
a leading Spanish port and commercial centre since the 19th century. It was
founded c.1300 on the site of an ancient settlement, and flourished because of
a wool export trade in the 15th and 16th centuries. In the 19th century, it was
besieged by the Carlists three times.
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec3
Defended by General Sir Robert Wilson
during the Spanish War.
Billaud-Varenne, Jacques (Jean)-Nicolas Billaud
1756-1819. A French revolutionary. A violent antimonarchist
in the Convention, the revolutionary national assembly, he and Jean Marie
Collot d’Herbois were the two members of the ultra-revolutionary Hebértists
faction to sit on the Committee of Public Safety. A consummate politician, he
survived the execution of Hébert, successfully intrigued against Danton, and helped bring about the downfall of
Robespierre on 9 Thermidor. He was
deported to French Guiana for his role in the Reign of Terror. He refused an
amnesty offered by Napoleon. Ultimately
he went to Haiti, where he died.
BkIX:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1
His arrest in 1795.
1801-1852. A diplomat.
BkVI:Chap1:Sec1
Diplomatic attaché to the French Embassy in
A character in the Icelandic Eyrbyggja Saga. Later speculation connected his travels with the
Norse discovery of
BkXIV:Chap6:Sec1
His mythical (?) voyage to
Biron,
Charles de Gontaut, Duc de
1562-1602. He fought for the Royal party against the League.
He was an Admiral and Marshal of
BkXII:Chap1:Sec1
Ambassador to Elizabeth I of
Bischofsheim an der
Rhön is a town in the district Rhön-Grabfeld, in
BkXXXVIII:Chap7:Sec1
Chateaubriand there 2nd of June 1833.
Blacas
d’Aulps, Pierre-Louis Jean Casimir, Prince d’Aulps
1770-1839. French statesman and diplomat, he was a convinced
Royalist, and companion of Louis XVIII
in exile. He was Minister of the King’s Household and then Grand-Master of the
Wardrobe (1815). He was later ambassador to
BkXXII:Chap 24:Sec1 Minister of the King’s Household in 1814.
BkXXIII:Chap4:Sec1
Chateaubriand sends a message to him at
BkXXIII:Chap15:Sec1 Chateaubriand consoles him.
BkXXIII:Chap19:Sec1 At Mons during the return from Ghent in 1815.
BkXXV:Chap4:Sec1 A favourite of Louis XVIII.
BkXXVIII:Chap15:Sec1 First Gentleman of the King’s Chamber from 1823 succeeding the Duc de Richelieu.
BkXXX:Chap5:Sec1
Chateaubriand writes to him. Blacas was Ambassador to
BkXXX:Chap6:Sec1 BkXXX:Chap11:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap10:Sec1
BkXXXVI:Chap10:Sec1 BkXXXVIII:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXXVI:Chap12:Sec1 He writes to Chateaubriand at Waldmünchen in 1833.
BkXXXVII:Chap1:Sec1
In
BkXXXVII:Chap2:Sec1
A member of the
BkXXXVII:Chap3:Sec1
He conducts Chateaubriand to the King on
BkXXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
At dinner in the
BkXXXVII:Chap9:Sec1 Chateaubriand visits him. He was an amateaur artist with a fine collection of medals and cameos.
BkXXXVIII:Chap4:Sec1 Henri’s dislike of him.
BkXXXIX:Chap1:Sec1 He announces a Council, to include Chateaubriand.
BkXL:Chap7:Sec1
Blamed for preventing the Duchesse de Berry from travelling to
BkXLI:Chap1:Sec1 La Ferronays was his brother-in-law.
BkXLI:Chap3:Sec1
In
BkXLI:Chap5:Sec1
BkXLI:Chap6:Sec1 At
Bustehrad,
Black
Prince, see Edward, Prince of Wales
1718-1800. Professor of Literature at
BkXII:Chap1:Sec1
Mentioned.
1811-1882. The French writer, historian and socialist politician
was born in
BkXXXII:Chap9:Sec1 Mentioned in 1830.
BkXXXII:Chap15:Sec1 A quotation from his Histoire de dix ans (1841). See Louis Alexandre Peron’s painting of the scene, shown at the Salon in 1834, and now in the Carnavalet (Transfert nocturne des victims de la revolution de Juillet 1830).
A character in Les Aventures du dernier Abencérage (written in 1810) by Chateaubriand, Aben-Hamet, the last of his Moorish tribe, falls in love, in Granada, with the devout Christian girl, Blanca, an impossible liaison since they are fated to be eternally separated by their faith.
Preface:Sect2. BkIII:Chap7:Sec1 BkXVII:Chap1:Sec1 BkXLI:Chap1:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkVII:Chap8:Sec1
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec1
Her story set in
c1188-1252. The daughter of Alfonso VIII of
BkXXXIV:Chap13:Sec1 Quoted.
BkXXXVII:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
A town on the right bank of the
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec5 Chateaubriand visited in 1802.
BkXXXV:Chap24:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap2:Sec1 BkXXXVI:Chap3:Sec1
BkXXXVI:Chap12:Sec1 BkXXXVII:Chap1:Sec1 BkXXXVIII:Chap1:Sec1
BkXXXVIII:Chap9:Sec1
BkXXXIX:Chap1:Sec1
The Duchesse de Berry was held there after her arrest on
The Baroque palace built between 1705 and 1725 at
BkXII:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXXVI:Chap7:Sec1
The Battle of Blenheim in 1704 was a comprehensive defeat by Marlborough and
Prince Eugène over Louis XIV’s troops. The battle (referred to in some countries as the Battle of Höchstädt) in the War of the
Spanish Succession was fought on
BkXVI:Chap2:Sec2
Present at
The city of
BkIX:Chap4:Sec2 BkXX:Chap12:Sec1 BkXLII:Chap3:Sec1 The Duc De Guise murdered there.
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec1 Chateaubriand there in 1807.
BkXXII:Chap14:Sec1 The Regency withdrew there in 1814.
BkXXXV:Chap11:Sec1
The Dance of Death painting there, and later variants e.g. the woodcuts in the
library there.
d1364. Duke of Brittany, from 1341 to his death.
Charles was the son of Count Guy I of Chatillon and Blois, by Margaret of
Valois, a sister of king Philip VI of
France. He was an accomplished military leader, who inspired loyalty by his
religious fervour. In 1337 he married Joanna of Dreux, heiress and niece of Duke
John III. Together, Charles and Joanna fought the House of Montfort in the Breton War of Succession
(1341-1364), with the support of the crown of France. Despite his piety,
Charles did not hesitate in ordering the massacre of 2000 civilians after the
siege of Quimper. After initial successes, he was taken prisoner by the English
in 1346. He was released nine years afterwards against a ransom of about half a
million ecús, and resumed the war against the Montforts. He died at the battle
of Auray which determined the end of the war and the victory of the Montforts.
He was canonized as saint for his devoutness to religion, but the process was
made null by Pope Gregory IX by request of Duke John V of Brittany.
BkV:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
Either Jean I of Nesle (c. 1155-1202), Lord
of Nesle from 1180, who took part in the Third Crusade, or his son Jean II of Nesle (d. 1241), who took
part in the Fourth Crusade, either or both being French trouvères. By 1260,
Blondel’s name had become attached to a legend in the highly fictionalised Récits
d'un ménestrel de
BkXXXVII:Chap5:Sec1 Chateaubriand portrays
himself in the role.
They were cousins of Chateaubriand. Madame de Blossac (1766-1851), was born Flore de Bedée.
BkXVII:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned by Lucile.
Blücher,
Gebhard Leberecht von
1742-1819. Prussian field marshal, an outstanding military
opponent of Napoleon I, he was an officer in the army of King Frederick II from
1760. He incurred royal displeasure when, believing himself passed over for
promotion, he abruptly resigned in the early 1770s. He returned to service only
in 1787 after
BkXX:Chap6:Sec1
Defeated and captured at Lübeck,
BkXXII:Chap7:Sec1
In 1813 Blücher became
commander-in-chief of the Army of Silesia, with Gneisenau and Muffling as his
principal staff officers, and 40,000 Prussians and 50,000 Russians under his
command.
BkXXIII:Chap17:Sec1 At Waterloo.
BkXXIV:Chap1:Sec1 His drunkenness and desire to see Napoleon hanged.
BkXXVII:Chap3:Sec2
His popularity in
Blue
Ridge Mountains, Virginia
Part of the Appalachian Mountain range which runs from
Canada to Alabama.
BkVIII:Chap5:Sec1
Chateaubriand crossed the range somewhere east of Knoxville, possibly near Tellico Block
House, which may be Chateaubriand’s Chillicoth. (Place of council in Shawnee,
Tellico being the Cherokee equivalent, frequently found as a place-name). He
was then 650 miles or about three weeks journey on horseback from Philadelphia.
1313-1375. The Italian
writer and poet, his Filostrato was
used by Chaucer for Troilus and Criseyde,
and his Teseida for the Knight’s Tale. Between 1348 and 1353 he
composed the Decameron, a collection
of a hundred stories told by young people escaping the plague in
BkXXXIV:Chap14:Sec1
See the prologue to Decameron for the
plague of 1348 in
Boetius,
Anicius Manlius Severinus
480?-524. A Roman
scholar, Christian philosopher, and statesman, he became consul in 510 and
subsequently chief minister to the Ostrogothic king Theodoric. Accused of
treason and condemned to death, he wrote his Neoplatonic The Consolation of
Philosophy while in prison awaiting execution. The work was extremely
popular and influential throughout the Middle Ages. He is also known for his
translations of works of Greek logic and mathematics, including those of
Porphyry and Aristotle. His translations and commentaries were among the basic
texts of medieval Scholasticism.
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2
Put to death at
Boguet,
Nicolas-Didier the Younger (Didino)
The son of Nicolas, his mother dying
when he three years old he was brought up by his father. He became a painter
also and continued to live in
BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned.
Boguet,
Nicolas-Didier the Elder
1755-1839 Painter of historical scenes, resident at
BkXV:Chap2:Sec1 Called to see Madame de Beaumont in 1803.
BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 Chateaubriand meets him again in 1828.
Boigne,
née Louise-Eléonore-Charlotte-Adélaïde d’Osmond, Comtesse de
1781-1866. A Memoir writer, she was Lady-in-waiting to
Madame Adélaide and a friend of
Madame Rècamier. At the Restoration,
having separated from her husband, she accompanied her father who became Ambassador to
BkXI:Chap2:Sec4
Emigrated to
BkXXXII:Chap4:Sec1
Her involvement in the events of July 1830.
1636-1711. Poet and critic, his Satires were published in 1666. He was friends with Molière, Racine
and other leading writers. L’Art poétique
of 1674 was seen as a definitive guide to classical literary principles, and had
great influence in France and England. He also wrote a mock epic, Le Lutrin (1674) and translated
Longinus’ On the Sublime.
BkI:Chap3:Sec3 Chateaubriand’s writing exercise: the opening two lines of Boileau’s Ninth Satire, conforming to good Seventeenth Century usage.
BkIV:Chap12:Sec4 Attacked the Classicising of the French language.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec1 Associated with Guillaume de Lamoignon.
BkXI:Chap2:Sec2
His Satires III lines 71-73 cite a hazy wine from the
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1 The reference is to his Art poétique:III.20
BkXIII:Chap9:Sec1 A reference to his Épitres VII (1701: Epistles, after Horace)
BkXVI:Chap11:Sec1 A reference to Epitres VII: À Monsieur Racine.
BkXVIII:Chap6:Sec1 A parody of the line from the Seven Against Thebes cited by the Pseudo-Longinus in his treatise On the Sublime (earliest surviving manuscript 10th century), and translated by Boileau as ‘Tous, la main dans le sang, jurent de se venger.’
BkXVIII:Chap6:Sec1 His support for and defence of Racine’s work. A reference also to Art poétique, II:172
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec1 Addison presented his Latin poems to him, see Johnson’s Life of Addison.
BkXXXV:Chap14:Sec1
The quotation is from Épitres IV ‘To the King on his passage of the
BkXXXVIII:Chap8:Sec1
See Épitres VI:12, regarding the trees
by the
BkXXXIX:Chap5:Sec1
A modified version of lines from Homer in his translation of Longinus’ On the Sublime (VII). See Iliad
XX:61-63.
A French name given to the descendants of the fur traders
and native peoples in W Canada, because of their dark complexion. The boisbrûlés, or brûlés, were in the early 19th century an important social group in
the west and were particularly notable in the Red River Settlement and in
Riel’s Rebellion. In the later 19th century they were absorbed into the general
population.
BkVII:Chap10:Sec1 Described.
BkVIII:Chap3:Sec1 BkVIII:Chap5:Sec1 Mentioned.
Boisé-Lucas, Delauney, the elder
Host to Armand de Chateaubriand at Saint-Cast in 1809.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
Son of Delauney. Implicated in the Armand de Chateaubriand case in 1809.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec2 Compromised by Armand’s arrest. He was reprieved and his sentence commuted.
A rich trader of Saint-Malo.
BkII:Chap3:Sec2
His daughter married the Prince of Carignan.
Boisgelin, Louis-Bruno, Comte de
1734-1794.
Marshal, and ‘Baron of the
BkV:Chap7:Sec1 President of the nobility at the States fixed for
Boishue, Jean-Baptiste-Rene de Guéhéneuc, Comte de
Father of Louis-Pierre.
BkV:Chap7:Sec1
Tried to defend his son during fighting in
BkIX:Chap10:Sec1
Present in the Army of Princes in 1792.
Boishue, Louis-Pierre de
Guéhéneuc de
Son of Jean-Baptiste.
BkV:Chap7:Sec1
Killed on the streets of Rennes on
Boisrobert,
Abbé François le Métel de
1592-1662. A French
poet, trained as a lawyer, he took orders in 1630 and was made a Canon of
Rouen. He suggested the idea of the Academy to Richelieu.
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec2 Mentioned.
Boisonnade
de Fontarabie, Jean-François
1774-1857. Critic for the Journal des Débats, and a Hellenist of repute. He became professor
of Greek Literature at the Sorbonne in 1813, then took the Chair of Greek at the
Collège de France in 1828.
BkXVIII:Chap6:Sec1
Advised Chateaubriand regarding Les Martyrs.
1798-1866. Worked with Chateaubriand in
BkXXXI:Chap8:Sec1
Mentioned.
Boissy
d’Anglas. François-Antoine, Comte de
1756-1826. A member
and President of the Convention, noted for his firmness and coolness during the
frenzy of the Revolution: one day the Parisian mob burst in upon the
Convention, shot dead a young deputy, Féraud,
‘sweeping the members of it before them to the upper-bench ... covered, the
president sat unyielding, like a rock amongst the waves; they menaced him,
levelled muskets at him, he did not yield; they held up Féraud’s bloody head to
him; with a grave, stern air he bowed to it, and did not yield’. He became a
senator and commander of the Legion of Honour under Napoleon; and was made a peer by Louis XVIII.
BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1
His coolness on 1st Prairial (
Boisteilleul, Hyacinthe-Eugène-Pierre de Ravenel du
1784-1867 Son of Jean-Baptiste. Cousin and nephew by marriage of Chateaubriand. Pupil at the Polytechnique in 1803 and 1805, officer in the Grand Army, decorated at Smolensk in 1812, captain in 1813, retired from the service in 1814, in order to marry.
BkII:Chap8:Sec1
Married Zoé de Farcy de Montvallon, Chateaubriand’s niece of whom he was
himself a distant cousin, on
Boisteilleul, Jean-Baptiste, Comte Ravenel de
1738-1815. Uncle of Chateaubriand. Vice-Admiral. The nephew of the Dames de Plancoët, and the cousin germane of Madame de Chateaubriand. Married 1780, retired from the service 1785.
BkII:Chap8:Sec1
BkII:Chap8:Sec3 Acted
as Chateaubriand’s mentor at Brest in 1783.
Boisteilleul, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph-Eugène de Ravenel du
Son of Jean-Baptiste. Cousin of Chateaubriand
Boisteilleul, Pauline-Zoe-Marie
de Farcy de Montavallon, Madame de Ravenel du
1784-1814. Wife of Hyacinthe, daughter of Julie de Farcy, niece of Chateaubriand.
Boisteilleul, Suzanne-Émilie de Ravenel du
1704-1794 Sister of Bénigne-Marie du Bedée, she was the great-aunt of Chateaubriand.
BkI:Chap3:Sec1 Lived with Chateaubriand’s grandmother at what is now 43 Rue de l’Abbaye, Plancoët.
BkI:Chap4:Sec1 Description of their life there.
BkI:Chap4:Sec2 Present at the Ascension Day mass.
BkXI:Chap6:Sec1
BkXLI:Chap2:Sec1 BkXLII:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
A reference to The Sparrow-hawk song
of BkI:Chap4:Sec1.
Bojardo
(Boiardo), Matteo Maria
1430-1494. He was an
Italian Renaissance poet. He is remembered for his poem of chivalry and romance
L’Orlando inammorato.
BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 He was born at Reggio.
c1507-1536. The second wife (from 1533) of Henry VIII, her only child became Elizabeth I. She was accused of treason, and adultery, and executed. BkXII:Chap5:Sec1 Legend has it that Henry waited on the mound in Pembroke Lodge Gardens in Richmond Park for sight of a signal rocket from the Tower indicating her execution.
Bolingbroke,
Henry St-John, 1st Viscount
1678-1851. An English statesman, he entered
parliament in 1701, and in 1704 became secretary of war. He afterwards became
secretary of state for foreign affairs, and negotiated the Treaty of Utrecht.
In 1712, a favourite of Queen Anne, he was raised to the peerage. On the
accession of George I, in 1714, he was impeached of high treason when he fled
the country, and became secretary of state to the first pretender. He was
attainted, and his estate seized; but in 1723 he was permitted to return. His
estates were restored, but he was not allowed to sit in parliament. He wrote
against the ministry, and his productions were admired for their eloquence and
vigor. He again withdrew to
BkXXVIII:Chap20:Sec1 His comments on exile.
BkXXX:Chap11:Sec2 Mentioned.
1783-1830. A South-American soldier and statesman, he was known
as the Liberator. The son of a wealthy Venezuelan Creole family, he returned to
Latin America in 1807 after travel in Europe. He liberated New Granada from Spain
in 1819, renaming it Colombia. He became President, and liberated Venezuela and
Quito (Ecuador) in 1821.
Preface:Sect1 Chateaubriand mentions meeting him.
BkXXIX:Chap15:Sec1
Bolivar had recognised Leo XII in a speech
in
The city in northern
BkXXII:Chap8:Sec1 Pius VII passed through in 1814.
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec1 The Chateaubriands were there in September 1828.
BkXXX:Chap6:Sec2
The Italian Legazione was a major
administrative division of the Papal States
ruled by a Cardinal legate during the 18th and 19th centuries. In the mid-19th
century, on the eve of Italian unification, there were four such legations:
Bolsena,
Bolsena is a crater
lake of central Italy, of volcanic origin. The lake lies within the northern
part of the province of Viterbo called Alto Lazio (‘Upper Latium’) or Tuscia.
It is bordered mostly by the Roman consular road the Via Cassia.
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2
Amalasuntha was exiled to the
1782-1850. He was the 2nd Baron Bolton of
BkX:Chap4:Sec1
Present at the Literary Fund annual meeting in 1822.
Bolzona, for
BkXXXVIII:Chap1:Sec1
The Comte de Bolzona mentioned.
The capital of
BkX:Chap11:Sec1
A destination for young men wishing for a colonial career. Samuel and William Sutton both
became army officers.
Bon,
The Arabic Ra’s At-tib peninsula of north-eastern Tunisia, 20 miles wide and
protruding 50 miles into the Mediterranean Sea between the Gulf of Tunis and
Khalij al-Hammamat (The Gulf of Hammamet).
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec2
Mentioned.
1758-1799. A Napoleonic general, prominent in
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec1 Present at the execution of prisoners at Jaffa in 1799.
BkXIX:Chap16:Sec2
Killed at
Present at the exhumation of the Duc d’Enghien,
BkXVI:Chap5:Sec1
Mentioned.
Bonald,
Louis Gabriel Ambroise, Vicomte de
1754-1840. A French philosopher and politician: disliking
the Revolution, he emigrated in 1791, joined the Army of the Princes, and soon
afterwards settled at
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1 A returning émigré in 1801. A friend of Chateaubriand and Madame de Beaumont.
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec2 The man described.
BkXIII:Chap11:Sec2 An exemplar of the new nineteenth century literary style.
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec1
Chateaubriand’s article on his La
Législation primitive, appeared in Le
Mercure 20th November 1802 and
BkXXV:Chap9:Sec1 He collaborated with Chateaubriand on the Conservateur, in 1818.
Various genealogies for the family known to Chateaubriand are given.
BkXIX:Chap2:Sec1
The genealogy of the family.
Bonaparte, Charles-Marie,
Carlo-Maria Buonaparte
1746-1785. Napoleon’s father. A Corsican noble and
lawyer.
BkXIX:Chap3:Sec1
Mentioned.
Bonaparte, Charles-Louis-Napoléon, Napoleon III
1808-1873. President of France from 1849 to 1852, he
was then Emperor of the French under the name Napoléon III from 1852 to 1870. The youngest son of Louis Bonaparte.
Bonaparte, Napoléon-Louis-Charles
1802-1807. The eldest son of Louis
Bonaparte.
Bonaparte,
Elisa, see Madame Bacciochi
Bonaparte, Elisabeth, née
Patterson
1785-1879. Known
as ‘Betsy’, she was the daughter of a
BkXX:Chap8:Sec1
BkXXIV:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.
Bonaparte, Hortense, née Beauharnais
1783-1837 Napoleon’s step-daughter, and Queen of Holland (1806–10), she was the daughter of Alexandre and Josephine de Beauharnais, and wife of Louis Bonaparte. She was the mother of Napoleon III and, by her lover the Comte de Flahaut, of the Duc de Morny. She was made Duchesse de Saint Leu by Louis XVIII.
BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec2 BkXXX:Chap8:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXIII:Chap13:Sec1
Napoleon’s comment on her in 1815.
1784-1860, King of
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1
BkXXVI:Chap8:Sec1 King
of
BkXX:Chap6:Sec2
Recognised as King of
BkXX:Chap8:Sec1 BkXXIV:Chap6:Sec1 Bonaparte’s disapproval and annulment of his marriage.
BkXXII:Chap14:Sec1
Passed through Blois on his way to
BkXXIII:Chap17:Sec1 He assaulted and took the farm of La Haye-Saint at Waterloo
BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1
In
BkXXX:Chap8:Sec1
In
1768-1844, King of
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1
King of
BkXIX:Chap6:Sec1 Married Mademoiselle Clary in 1794.
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec1 At Antibes with Napoleon and Lucien in 1794.
BkXIX:Chap15:Sec1 Correspondence with Napoleon in 1798.
BkXX:Chap5:Sec3
Made King of
BkXX:Chap6:Sec2
Recognised as King of
BkXX:Chap7:Sec1
BkXX:Chap11:Sec1 He
became King of
BkXX:Chap11:Sec1 Bernadotte married his wife’s sister.
BkXXII:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXII:Chap11:Sec1 BkXXII:Chap14:Sec1
Commandant of
BkXXII:Chap14:Sec1
Passed through Blois on his way to
BkXXII:Chap 26:Sec1 Plotting Napoleon’s return in the Canton of Vaud in 1815.
BkXXIV:Chap2:Sec1
Embarked for the
BkXL:Chap2:Sec4
His project for a monument to Tasso
at
Bonaparte, Maria-Laetitia (Letizia) Romolino, called Madame Mère
c1750-1836. Napoleon Bonaparte’s
mother, she married Carlo-Maria Bonaparte in
1764. After Napoleon’s downfall she retired to
BkXIX:Chap4:Sec1 She was given the name Madame Mère at Napoleon’s court.
BkXIX:Chap6:Sec1
Fled
BkXXII:Chap8:Sec1
Given sanctuary in
BkXXII:Chap14:Sec1
Passed through Blois on her way to
BkXXII:Chap 26:Sec1 She visited her son on Elba.
BkXXIII:Chap13:Sec1
In
BkXXV:Chap5:Sec1
Decazes was her secretary at one time.
Bonaparte,
Louis, King of
1778-1846. Very
close to his brother Napoleon during his
early successes, Louis served with his brother in
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1
BkXX:Chap5:Sec3 King
of
BkXX:Chap6:Sec2
Recognised as King of
BkXX:Chap11:Sec1
Napoleon took back the kingdom in 1810.
Bonaparte,
Lucien, Prince de Canino
1775-1840. A brother of Napoleon,
he first became prominent as President of the Council of Five Hundred. He took
an important part in the coup of 18th Brumaire (1799); The Directory was
overthrown, and Napoleon became First Consul. However, Lucien was critical of
his brother’s policies and married a commoner against Napoleon's wishes. He
went to live in
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1
Chateaubriand was introduced to him in 1801, though Lucien did not return from
his posting as Ambassador to
BkXIII:Chap10:Sec1 He read the proofs of Le Génie in early 1802 and reported in favour of the work.
BkXIV:Chap4:Sec1
BkXVI:Chap1:Sec1 A
dinner given for his brother, Napoleon,
after the Concordat of 1801-2 (which reaffirmed the Catholic Church as
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec2 Copied his brother’s manuscript history.
BkXIX:Chap9:Sec1 The Memoirs (1816, second edition 1836.) are of doubtful authenticity.
BkXIX:Chap18:Sec2 His role on the 18th/19th Brumaire.
BkXXIII:Chap12:Sec1 Suggested as Interior Minister in 1815.
BkXXIII:Chap13:Sec1
In
BkXXIII:Chap18:Sec2
Supported the abdication, and the recognition of Napoleon’s son on
BkXXIV:Chap11:Sec1
Las Cases corresponded with him
from
Bonaparte, Marie-Julie Clary, Madame Joseph
1771-1845. The daughter of François Clary (1725-1794) a rich
silk merchant of
BkXIX:Chap6:Sec1 Her marriage.
BkXXX:Chap8:Sec1
Chateaubriand issued her with a passport in 1823.
Bonaparte, Christine Boyer, Madame Lucien
1773-1800. She was the illiterate daughter of Lucien Bonaparte’s landlord daughter, and married Lucien
in 1794.
BkXIII:Chap7:Sec1
Her tomb in Lucien’s garden at Plessis-Chamant.
Bonaparte, Napoléon, see Napoléon
I
1804-1831. The second son of Louis
Bonaparte, he died of measles at
BkXIX:Chap2:Sec1
BkXXX:Chap12:Sec1 His
translation of his ancestor’s Sac de
Rome, écrit en 1527 by Jaques Bonaparte, témoin oculaire, was printed in
Bonaparte, Pauline, see Borghèse
A work by Chateaubriand, published in 1814. A brilliant and
effective pamphlet, it was said by Louis XVIII
to be worth an army of a hundred thousand men to the Bourbon cause; and upon
their re-establishment Chateaubriand was immediately in favour, and was made a
member of the Chamber of Peers.
BkII:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXII:Chap9:Sec1 BkXXII:Chap10:Sec1 He
was writing it in December 1813. Note that the Allies entered
BkXXII:Chap15:Sec1 It was advertised in the Journal des Débats of the 4th April 1814, and available the following day.
BkXXII:Chap16:Sec1 BkXXIV:Chap5:Sec1 BkXXVIII:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXVIII:Chap17:Sec1 Mentioned.
Bonchamp,
Charles-Melchior Arthur, Marquis de
1760-1793. French general, born in
BkIX:Chap16:Sec1
BkXI:Chap3:Sec2 BkXXXV:Chap3:Sec1 Mentioned.
Widow of the Marquis. Her death
sentence annulled.
BkIX:Chap16:Sec1
Mentioned.
Bondy,
Pierre-Marie Taillepied, Comte de
1766-1847. A former Chamberlain of Napoleon’s, he was
Prefect of the Rhône in 1810, then of the
BkXXXV:Chap1:Sec1
Chateaubriand writes to him on
Bondy, Madame de
The wife of Pierre-Marie, in 1830?
BkXXXII:Chap13:Sec1
Brings news to Louis-Philippe at Neilly on
1235-1303. Pope
(1294–1303). An Italian (b. Anagni) Benedetto Caetani, he was successor to St.
Celestine V. Boniface’s contest with Philip
IV of France was the principal feature of his career. In 1303 Philip sent Nogaret to
BkXX:Chap9:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXX:Chap9:Sec1
Chateabriand compares Pius VII’s fate to
that of Boniface.
1802-1828. An English Romantic landscape painter,
his family moved to
BkXXXIX:Chap15:Sec1
His views of
Bonivard
(Bonnivard), François
1496-1570. A Swiss patriot and historian, his life
was the inspiration for Byron’s 1816 poem The
Prisoner of Chillon. Bonivard opposed Charles III, Duke of Savoy in his
efforts to control Geneva; the duke captured Bonivard and imprisoned him at Grolée
from 1519 to 1521. In 1530, after further political activism, the duke
imprisoned him again, this time underground in the Castle of Chillon. Bonivard
was released by the Bernese when they conquered Vaud in 1536.
BkXXXIV:Chap7:Sec1
Mentioned.
Bonnay,
Charles-François, Marquis de
1750-1825. He represented the nobility of the
BkV:Chap14:Sec1 BkXXVI:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXV:Chap7:Sec2
Wrote letters attacking Chateaubriand, left in the archives.
BkXXVI:Chap5:Sec1
Chateaubriand succeeds him in
A Frenchman who died in
BkXXVII:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned.
Bonnevie,
Abbé Pierre-Étienne de
1761-1849. Returned from eastern
BkXIV:Chap5:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXV:Chap4:Sec1 Called to Madame de Beaumont’s deathbed.
BkXVII:Chap4:Sec1 In Lyons in August 1805.
Bonnier,
Ange Elisabeth Louis Antoine
1749-1799. A French diplomatist, he was a member of the Convention,
where he voted with the majority. During the Directory he was charged with
diplomatic missions, first to
BkXIX:Chap13:Sec1 Mentioned.
BkXXXIX:Chap19:Sec1 His work on the Procuratie
Vecchie in
Governor of the Île Sainte-Marguerite
according to Chateaubriand’s retelling of a legend concerning Buonaparte.
BkXIX:Chap1:Sec1
Mentioned.
1745-1832. A traveller, and acquaintance of the Coppet group, he was in
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec2 Mentioned.
BkXXIX:Chap9:Sec1
His Voyage sur la scène des six derniers
livres de l’Enéide, published in
The city in south-west
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec5
Chateaubriand was there in 1802. The
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec1
Chateaubriand there in 1807.
Bordeaux,
Henri de France, Duc de: See also Henry V
1820-1883. Posthumus son of the Duc de Berry, he was the grandson of Charles X.
BkIV:Chap10:Sec1
BkXXVI:Chap10:Sec1
His christening on
BkXXVIII:Chap11:Sec1 The Duc de Montmorency appointed as his tutor in 1826.
BkXXXII:Chap6:Sec1
Mentioned in 1830.
Bordesoulle,
Étienne Tardif, Comte de
1771-1837. A
Brigadier General in 1807, he became Inspector General of Cavalry under Louis
XVIII in 1814. He was loyal to the King during the Hundred Days. In 1823 he
contributed to the blockade of
BkXXXIII:Chap2:Sec1
Mentioned.
A strolling actor from
BkV:Chap15:Sec1 Mentioned.
1495-1570. A Venetian painter, he was a pupil of Titian, and his work is sometimes mistaken for
that of Titian.
BkXXXIX:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
The North Wind in Greek mythology.
BkXXX:Chap7:Sec1
Mentioned.
Borghèse,
Pauline Bonaparte, Princess
1780-1825. Napoleon’s
favourite sister, known as Marie-Paulette. A woman of great beauty, she was the
subject of considerable scandal. She accompanied her husband, General Leclerc,
on the expedition to
BkXIV:Chap8:Sec1
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec2 In
BkXV:Chap5:Sec1 Lent her family hearse for Madame de Beaumont’s funeral.
BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1 Fréron wished to marry her, but was disappointed. Junot was also enamoured of her.
BkXXII:Chap 26:Sec1 She visited her brother, Napoleon, on Elba.
BkXXIII:Chap1:Sec1
She held a ball to conceal Napoleon’s departure from
BkXXIV:Chap11:Sec1
She wished to join Napoleon on St Helena.
She died in
BkXXIX:Chap7:Sec2
She died near
A town and
episcopal see of Emilia, Italy, in the province of Parma, 14 miles or so
north-west of Parma. Pop. (1901). It occupies the site of the ancient Fidentia,
on the Via Aemilia
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec1
The Chateaubriands were there in September 1828.
Borisov
(Barysaw),
A town in
BkXXI:Chap7:Sec1
The loss of the bridgehead there. Chichagov was positioned in the town.
Borromeo,
Carlo (Saint Charles)
1538-1584. Archbishop of
Milan,
he was born and spent his early years in the
BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec1
His tomb is in the crypt of Milan Cathedral.
BkXXXIV:Chap14:Sec1
His charity during the plague in
On September 7, 1812,
or August 26 in the Julian calendar then used in Russia, Borodino also called
the Battle of the Moskva, was
the largest and bloodiest single-day battle of the Napoleonic Wars, involving
more than a quarter of a million soldiers. It was fought by the French Grande
Armée under Napoleon and the Russian army of Alexander I near the village
of Borodino, west of the town of Mozhaysk. The battle ended with inconclusive
tactical results for both armies, and only strategic considerations forced the
Russians to withdraw.
BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1 Description of the battle.
BkXXI:Chap6:Sec1 BkXXXII:Chap3:Sec1 Latour-Maubourg wounded there.
BkXXII:Chap13:Sec1 BkXXIII:Chap1:Sec1 The carnage on the battlefield.
BkXXII:Chap14:Sec1 Napoleon the victor, as opposed to Alexander the defeated.
BkXXXII:Chap3:Sec1
A source of major French losses.
A town 106km north of Kaluga
it is 80km southwest of
BkXXI:Chap5:Sec1
Napoleon’s army passed it in retreat
The strait, separating
BkVIII:Chap5:Sec1
BkXXI:Chap4:Sec2 BkXXIX:Chap13:Sec4 Mentioned.
1627-1704. A French prelate, he was one of the greatest
orators in French history. At an early age he was made a canon at Metz; he
became bishop of Condom and was (1670-81) tutor to the dauphin (father of Louis XV), for whom he wrote his great Discourse
on Universal History (1681, tr. 1778, 1821), Politics Derived from Holy
Writ (1709), and Treatise of the Knowledge of God and One's Self (1722).
In 1681 he became bishop of Meaux. Unrivalled for his eloquence, he is
celebrated for his Funeral Orations (1689), particularly those on Henrietta of England, on her daughter, and
on Condé, which are masterpieces of
their kind. He was also a great moralist, a magnificent stylist, and a powerful
controversialist, brilliantly attacking Fénelon
and the quietists, the Jesuits, and the Protestants.
BkIV:Chap2:Sec2 Chateaubriand refers to his Sermons de Virtue of which the most celebrated is that for the profession of Madame de La Vallière, preached in 1674.
BkIV:Chap10:Sec2 He was opposed by Le Père Simon.
BkV:Chap6:Sec1 His genius.
BkVII:Chap10:Sec1 Chateaubriand quotes a version of Bossuet’s celebrated funeral oration for the Prince de Condé.
BkXIV:Chap2:Sec3 Imitated Cicero’s oratorical manner.
BkXVI:Chap11:Sec1
Another reference to his Oraison funèbre
de Louis de Bourbon (Funeral Oration for the Great Condé), his last, given
on
BkXVIII:Chap3Sec5 A letter from Fénelon perhaps addressed to Bossuet.
BkXVIII:Chap8:Sec1 Bausset’s Histoire de Bossuet of 1814.
BkXIX:Chap5:Sec2 The Gallicans were French Roman Catholics following Bossuet and claiming partial autonomy (the opposite of ultramontanes)
BkXIX:Chap17:Sec1 A quotation from the Universal History III:3
BkXXI:Chap1:Sec1 A reference to his Easter sermon preached at Meaux 22nd April 1685.
BkXXII:Chap14:Sec1 A modification of lines from Bossuet’s Funeral Oration for Henrietta of England.
BkXXIII:Chap5:Sec1 BkXXVIII:Chap13:Sec1 BkXXXIII:Chap9:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkXXIX:Chap15:Sec1 His work on religious unification.
BkXXXI:Chap6:Sec1
The reference is to his Funeral Oration
for Queen Marie-Thérèse, of
BkXXXV:Chap7:Sec1 A slight misquotation from the Funeral Oration for the Prince de Condé.
BkXXXVII:Chap11:Sec1 Quoted.
BkXXXVII:Chap14:Sec1 A reference to the Funeral Oration for the Prince de Condé.
BkXXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1
A re-working of a passage from his ‘Sermon
de mauvais riche’
The capital of
BkVI:Chap7:Sec1 BkVIII:Chap5:Sec2 Mentioned.
BkVII:Chap1:Sec1 Chateaubriand travelled the 340 kilometres from New York to visit the battlefield at Lexington nearby.
An inlet of the
BkXXIV:Chap4:Sec1
Mentioned.
After the assassination of Guise by Henri III, Boucher, curé of
Saint-Benoît, popularized an opinion of the Sorbonne in his book ‘De justa Henriei Tertii abdicatione’, in
which be maintained that Henry III, ‘as a perjurer, assassin, murderer, a
sacrilegious person, patron of heresy, simoniac, magician, impious and
damnable’, could be deposed by the Church; that, as ‘a perfidious waster of the
public treasure, a tyrant and enemy of his country’, he could be deposed by the
people. One of the most important writers on Leaguer political thought in
France in the 16th century, the central issue in his work was that of royal
succession. Boucher became so influential in the Catholic League, as a preacher
and author of polemical works, that he was called ‘the one-eyed king’ of
BkXXXII:Chap15:Sec1
Mentioned.
BkI:Chap1:Sec5.
He is mentioned as assisting in the granting of Chateaubriand’s application to
enrol in the order of Malta.